Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the herbicidal efficiency of mixture florasulam + 2,4-D (Mustang 306 SE) in spring wheat cultivar Bryza, spring barley cultivar Antek and oat cultivar Cwal sown in monocrops and two-species mixtures. Field experiments were carried out in 2005-2007 at the Experimental Station in Winna Gora (52 o 12' N; 17 o 27' E), owned by the Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute in Poznan. Herbicyd Mustang 306 SE was applied in a dose of 0.5 dm 3 ·ha -1 at 3-5 leaf stage of cereals using the knapsack sprayer Gloria. The analysis of weed infestation of cereal stand was made with the quantitative-weighing method twice in the growing period (3-4 weeks after the application and 7-8 weeks after the application). Efficiency of herbicide action in mixtures was compared with its effectiveness in monocrops of individual species. From the analyses made it follows that of the cereal mixtures, the barley-oat mixture was infested in the least degree, and the wheat-oat mixture in the most degree. Strongest effect of cultivation in mixtures on reduction of weed infestation was noticeable on the control treatments, where the herbicide was not applied, whereas the cereal cultivation system (pure or mixed sowing) not always differentiated the herbicide efficiency. Cereal grain yields in mixtures after the application of mixture florasulam + 2,4-D were significantly higher than yields of at least one of the component, and yields of mixtures harvested from the control treatments exceeded grain yields of both cereal species in monocrops.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Barley-oat mixture had the lowest weed infestation among cereal mixtures.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- infestede0
- Direction
- least degreee0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the barley-oat mixture was infested in the least degree”
t0“wheat, barley and oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-oat mixture had the highest weed infestation among cereal mixtures.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- infestede1
- Direction
- most degreee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the wheat-oat mixture in the most degree”
e1“From the analyses made it follows that of the cereal mixtures, the barley-oat mixture was infested in the least degree, and the wheat-oat mixture in the most degree.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cereal cultivation reduced weed infestation most strongly in untreated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cultivation in mixturese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed infestatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strongest effect of cultivation in mixtures on reduction of weed infestation was noticeable on the control treatments, where the herbicide was not applied”
t0“wheat, barley and oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure versus mixed cereal sowing did not consistently differentiate herbicide efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- herbicide efficiencye0
- Direction
- not always differentiatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cereal cultivation system (pure or mixed sowing) not always differentiated the herbicide efficiency”
t0“wheat, barley and oat”
Claim · model-written summary
After florasulam plus 2,4-D, cereal mixture grain yields significantly exceeded at least one component crop.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- florasulam + 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- Cereal grain yields in mixturese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- at least one of the componente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cereal grain yields in mixtures after the application of mixture florasulam + 2,4-D were significantly higher than yields of at least one of the component”
t0“wheat, barley and oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated cereal mixtures yielded more grain than both cereal monocrops.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mixturese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- both cereal species in monocropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of mixtures harvested from the control treatments exceeded grain yields of both cereal species in monocrops”
t0“wheat, barley and oat”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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- negative
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- negative
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.