Abstract
Leafy spurge control with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] plus 2,4-D [2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied annually for 3 years alone or rotated with auxin herbicides was evaluated at 3 locations in North Dakota. Glyphosate applied with 2,4-D averaged 67% leafy spurge control 3 months after treatment which was a 10-fold increase compared to glyphosate alone. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years or rotated with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methexybenzoic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) plus 2,4-D provided 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, which was similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment but at 30 to 65% less cost. Herbage production was similar regardless of treatment. The absorption and translocation of 14C-2,4-D increased 2- to 3-fold when applied wit glyphosate compared to 14C-2,4-D applied alone. However, both absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate was severely reduced when applied with 2,4-D compared to 14C-glyphosate applied alone. The increase in control when glyphosate is applied with 2,4-D may be because sublethal concentrations of glyphosate break root bud dormancy in leafy spurge, thereby increasing the amount of 2,4-D in the root. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D provided good leafy spurge control at less cost than current widely used treatments and should provide a new tool for leafy spurge management.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied with 2,4-D averaged 67% leafy spurge control 3 months after treatment.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esula
Euphorbia esulat0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate applied with 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- leafy spurge control 3 months after treatmente0
- Value
- 67%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e0“Glyphosate applied with 2,4-D averaged 67% leafy spurge control 3 months after treatment which was a 10-fold increase compared to glyphosate alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate applied with 2,4-D increased leafy spurge control 10-fold 3 months after treatment compared with glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied with 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- leafy spurge control 3 months after treatmente0
- Direction
- 10-fold increasee0
- Value
- 10-folde0
- Comparator
- glyphosate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e0“Glyphosate applied with 2,4-D averaged 67% leafy spurge control 3 months after treatment which was a 10-fold increase compared to glyphosate alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years gave 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 yearse1
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- 80 to 90%e1
- Comparator
- standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years or rotated with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methexybenzoic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) plus 2,4-D provided 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, which was similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment but at 30 to 65% less cost”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years cost 30 to 65% less than the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 yearse1
- Outcome
- coste1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 30 to 65%e1
- Comparator
- standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years or rotated with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methexybenzoic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) plus 2,4-D provided 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, which was similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment but at 30 to 65% less cost”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D rotated with dicamba gave 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- rotated with dicambae1
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- 80 to 90%e1
- Comparator
- standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years or rotated with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methexybenzoic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) plus 2,4-D provided 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, which was similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment but at 30 to 65% less cost”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus 2,4-D rotated with picloram plus 2,4-D gave 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) plus 2,4-De1
- Outcome
- leafy spurge controle1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- 80 to 90%e1
- Comparator
- standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e1“Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years or rotated with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methexybenzoic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) plus 2,4-D provided 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, which was similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment but at 30 to 65% less cost”
Claim · model-written summary
Absorption and translocation of 14C-2,4-D increased 2- to 3-fold when applied with glyphosate compared with 14C-2,4-D applied alone.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- applied wit glyphosatee3
- Outcome
- absorption and translocation of 14C-2,4-De3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 2- to 3-folde3
- Comparator
- 14C-2,4-D applied alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e3“The absorption and translocation of 14C-2,4-D increased 2- to 3-fold when applied wit glyphosate compared to 14C-2,4-D applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate were severely reduced when applied with 2,4-D compared with 14C-glyphosate applied alone.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Treatment
- applied with 2,4-De4
- Outcome
- absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosatee4
- Direction
- severely reducede4
- Comparator
- 14C-glyphosate applied alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e4“both absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate was severely reduced when applied with 2,4-D compared to 14C-glyphosate applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbage production was similar regardless of treatment.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Outcome
- Herbage productione2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- regardless of treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e2“Herbage production was similar regardless of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublethal glyphosate may break root bud dormancy in leafy spurge, increasing 2,4-D in the root and so the increase in control.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia esulaEuphorbia esulat0
- Compound
- 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- The increase in controle5
- Qualifier
- sublethal concentrations of glyphosate break root bud dormancy in leafy spurge, thereby increasing the amount of 2,4-D in the roote5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Euphorbia esula”
e5“The increase in control when glyphosate is applied with 2,4-D may be because sublethal concentrations of glyphosate break root bud dormancy in leafy spurge, thereby increasing the amount of 2,4-D in the root”
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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dicamba · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
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glyphosate · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →picloram · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.