Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Methyl alcohol pretreatment was effective in revealing centromeres, heterochromatin and knobs in prophase chromosomes.

Treatment: methyl alcohol pretreatmente1
Outcome: revealing centromeres, heterochromatin, and knobse1
Direction: effectivee1

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e1
“For prophase studies, methyl alcohol pretreatment was found effective in revealing centromeres, heterochromatin, and knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 270–392

Title

Acetic Acid Methods for Chromosome Studies at Prophase and Metaphase in Meristems

Joseph G. O'mara Stain Technology 1948. doi:10.3109/10520294809106249

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.

Taxon: theA. japonicae0
Treatment: antibiotics or by heat treatmente0
Outcome: knobs are never formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“theA. japonica which is closely affined to them and non-leaf-nodular plant, knobs are never formed either by antibiotics or by heat treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–477

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dhp-treated protoplasts formed microfibrils coated with globular knobs.

Taxon: Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
Treatment: Dhpe0
Outcome: microfibrils are coated with globular knobse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“treatment of protoplasts with Dhp alters the structure of the regenerated wall fibrils in several ways: first, the microfibrils are coated with globular knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 641–799

t0
“Nicotiana tabacum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–219

Title

3,4-Dehydroproline Inhibits Cell Wall Assembly and Cell Division in Tobacco Protoplasts

J. B. Cooper; J. E. Heuser; J. E. Varner PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994. doi:10.1104/pp.104.2.747

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Dhp-treated tobacco protoplasts did not develop osmotic stability.
Intervention effect Dhp-treated tobacco protoplasts did not initiate mitosis.
Observation Untreated protoplasts assembled a dense fibrillar cell wall of laterally associating subelementary fibrils.
Intervention effect Dhp-treated protoplasts formed larger fiber bundles with an open ribbon-like appearance.
Intervention effect The smallest subelementary fibrils were not visible after Dhp treatment.
Mechanism Tobacco cells developed abnormal morphology as a consequence of abnormal wall structure.
Mechanism The authors infer that hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins support primary wall integrity and correct assembly of other wall polymers.
Mechanism The authors infer that wall structure regulates cell division and morphology.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat treatment formed knobs on growing points and other parts of seeds and infant plants.

Taxon: ARDISIAArdisiat0
Organ / stage: seeds and infant plantse0
Treatment: heate0
Outcome: knobs are formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

t0
“ARDISIA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–75

e0
“when we treat the seeds and infant plants with heat, knobs are formed on the growing point and the other parts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 854–964

Title

STUDIES ON THE LEAF NODULES. : II. ON THE LEAF NODULES IN THE GENUS ARDISIA.

山田, 保 Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) 1952

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.

Taxon: A. punctatae0
Treatment: high concentration of streptomycin, aureomycin, chloromycetin and terramycine0
Outcome: knobs are formed on various growing points of the plants and then the growth of the plant stope0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“the A. punctata are treated with each solution of high concentration of streptomycin, aureomycin, chloromycetin and terramycin, knobs are formed on various growing points of the plants and then the growth of the plant stop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–294

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.

Taxon: theA. crispae0
Treatment: high concentration of streptomycin, aureomycin, chloromycetin and terramycine0
Outcome: knobs are formed on various growing points of the plants and then the growth of the plant stope0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“seeds and growing points of the seedlings of theA. crispa and the A. punctata are treated with each solution of high concentration of streptomycin, aureomycin, chloromycetin and terramycin, knobs are formed on various growing points of the plants and then the growth of the plant stop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 10–294

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice stem silica knobs increased in number and size.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Treatment: aqueous extracts of root of barnyardgrass at 100% concentratione1
Interactor: barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie1weed
Outcome: number and size of silica knobse0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“rice stem showed that the number and size of silica knobs on its surface and also size of vascular bundles have increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–971

e1
“aqueous extracts of root of barnyardgrass at 100% concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–629

Title

Investigation of allelopathic effects of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa cruss- galli L.) weed on some anatomical triats of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarommahalli variety of Iran at flowering and grain ripening stages

Sakineh Smaeily Kanari; Monir Hosseinzadeh Namin; خدیجه کیارستمی; et al. 2016

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Barnyardgrass root extract at 100% increased number and size of silica grains in rice stem and leaf epidermis.
Intervention effect The same extract increased size of stomata files.
Intervention effect Rice stem vascular bundles increased in size.
Intervention effect Barnyardgrass root extract increased rice stem elongation.
Intervention effect Barnyardgrass root extract increased rice production yield.
Intervention effect The treatment caused resistance to stem borer.
Intervention effect The treatment increased rice stem strength against lodging.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: the activity of a linked neocentromeree4
Outcome: Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movemente4
Direction: only marginally affectede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e4
“Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by the activity of a linked neocentromere”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 914–1024

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: Ab10e3
Gene: Ab10e3
Outcome: neocentromerese3
Direction: propelse3
Value: 1.4 micron/mine3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e3
“The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement but propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–912

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: The presence of Ab10e3
Gene: Ab10e3
Outcome: rate of normal chromosome movemente3
Direction: does not affecte3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e3
“The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement but propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–912

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

“knobs”

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