Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At high PPF, supraoptimal CO2 increased leaf area and LAR.

Taxon: lettuceLactuca sativae2
Treatment: Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3)e0
Outcome: leaf area and LARe0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3) at high PPF increased leaf area and LAR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–830

e1
“Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3) at high PPF increased leaf area and LAR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–830

t0
“Effects of CO2and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–120

e2
“Enrichment of CO2 to 46 mmol m-3 (1000 mm3 dm-3) at a moderate photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 450 micromoles m-2 s-1 stimulated fresh and dry weight gain of lettuce leaves 39% to 75% relative to plants at 16 mmol m-3 CO2 (350 mm3 dm-3).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–241

e3
“high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1 gave further, substantial increases in growth, RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a decrease in leaf area ratio (LAR), at 46 or 69 mmol m-3 (1000 or 1500 mm3 dm-3) CO2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 423–661

e4
“Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3) at high PPF increased leaf area and LAR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–830

Title

Effects of CO₂and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green'

SHARON L. KNIGHT; CARY A. MITCHELL Journal of Experimental Botany 1988. doi:10.1093/jxb/39.3.317

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf fresh weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf dry weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Observation Relative growth rate increased only in the first days of exponential growth.
Intervention effect CO2 above 46 mmol m−3 gave no further growth benefit at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect High PPF increased growth, RGR and NAR at 46 or 69 mmol m−3 CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF increased photosynthetic rate at enriched CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF decreased leaf area ratio.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 decreased specific leaf weight, NAR and Pn.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 had no effect on organ dry weights or RGR compared with 69 mmol m−3 CO2.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced nitrogen was beneficial for nutrient absorption, nitrogen use efficiency and lower soil inorganic nitrogen residue and leaching under combined P and K application.

Taxon: cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
Treatment: reduced nitrogene6
Outcome: nitrogen use efficiencye6

Verbatim

e0
“Taking‘Chungan 3'cabbage as material,with the open vegetable fields in Yanqing county of this area as the object,six treatments were set up,including the control group without fertilization”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–189

e6
“excess nitrogen fertilizer and improper ratio of phosphorus and potassium was unsuitable for the crops on the absorption of nutrients,leading to large amounts of accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil and leaching loss;under combined application of phosphorus and potassium,the reduced nitrogen for treatment was beneficial to the crops on the absorption of nutrients,to improve the nitrogen use efficiency,to reduce…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2680–3283

Title

Effects of Located Fertilization on Nitrogen Utilization and Environment in Vegetable Field in the Cold Zone

MA Mao-tin Northern Horticulture 2013

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

TR6S yielded significantly more than TR6 and TR6L in both cultivars and had the highest economic benefit.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: TR6Se0 e1 e2 e3 e4
Outcome: yielde0 e1 e2 e3 e4
Direction: highere0 e1 e2 e3 e4
Comparator: TR6 and TR6Le0 e1 e2 e3 e4

Verbatim

e0
“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L. Furthermore, TR6S showed the highest economic benefit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2087–2234

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 108–113

e1
“after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 937–1039

e2
“grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1498–1615

e3
“greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1191–1390

e4
“for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2087–2179

Title

Narrowing row spacing and adding inter-block promote the grain filling and flag leaf photosynthetic rate of wheat under enlarged drip tube spacing system

Jianguo Jing; Fu Qian; Xinyi Chang; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2024. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1368410

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect TR6 reduced NS22 yield by 9.93% versus TR4.
Intervention effect TR6 reduced NS44 yield by 9.04% versus TR4.
Intervention effect NS22 inferior-grain weight decreased 23.19% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS22 inferior-grain AGFR decreased 13.97% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS44 inferior-grain weight decreased 7.78% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS44 inferior-grain AGFR decreased 5.86% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS22 superior-grain weight decreased 10.60% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS22 superior-grain AGFR decreased 8.33% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS44 superior-grain weight decreased 4.89% under TR6.
Intervention effect NS44 superior-grain AGFR decreased 4.62% under TR6.
Intervention effect TR6L increased NS22 third-row grain weight per panicle by 26.05%.
Intervention effect TR6L increased NS44 third-row grain weight per panicle by 8.22%.
Intervention effect TR6L increased superior-grain AGFR in NS22 by 14.05%.
Intervention effect TR6L increased superior-grain AGFR in NS44 by 10.50%.
Intervention effect TR6L increased inferior-grain AGFR in NS22 by 5.09%.
Intervention effect TR6L increased inferior-grain AGFR in NS44 by 5.01%.
Intervention effect TR6S increased third-row grain weight per panicle in NS22 by 20.78%.
Intervention effect TR6S increased third-row grain weight per panicle in NS44 by 9.91%.
Intervention effect TR6S increased AGFR in the two cultivars.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

C2 shading significantly reduced lower epidermis and palisade tissue thickness.

Taxon: MelaleucaMelaleucat0
Treatment: C2 treatmente0
Outcome: thickness of the lower epidermis and palisade tissuee0
Direction: reductione0
Comparator: control groupt1

Verbatim

e0
“the thickness of the lower epidermis and palisade tissue in the leaves of the seedlings subjected to the C2 treatment exhibited a significant reduction”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1650–1801

t0
“Effects of different shade treatments on Melaleuca seedling growth and physiological properties”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–95

t1
“Four shading regimes (CK: no shading; C1: 35-45% shading; C2: 45-50% shading; C3: 60-70% shading) were imposed on M. alternifolia seedlings, following which observations were conducted after a 35-day period. The results reveal that the different shading treatments had a significant effect on the growth and physiological indicators of the seedlings, with the moderate shading treatment (C2) proving to be the most advan…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–1802

Title

Effects of different shade treatments on Melaleuca seedling growth and physiological properties

Qiong Li; Le Zhang; Jienan He; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12870-025-06218-1

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Moderate C2 shading was most favorable for seedling growth.
Intervention effect C2 shading increased leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect C2 shading decreased leaf MDA content.
Intervention effect C2 shading reduced SOD, POD and CAT activities.
Intervention effect C2 shading decreased ABA and GA3 levels.
Intervention effect C2 shading increased IAA, SA and CTK concentrations.
Intervention effect C2 shading increased spongy tissue cell number.
Intervention effect C2 shading markedly increased total leaf thickness.
Recommendation The authors favor 45 to 50% shade for seedling cultivation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ginger, cinnamon and clove oils at 500 ppm gave the best results for most growth and flowering parameters and total green colour of zinnia compared with the other treatments.

Taxon: Zinnia elegansZinnia eleganse0
Treatment: ginger, cinnamon and clove oilse1
Interactor: powdery mildewe0pathogen
Outcome: studied growth and flowering parameters and total green coloure1
Direction: best resultse1
Qualifier: for most of the studiede1
Comparator: the other treatmentse1
Setting: Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El- Sheikh Universitye0

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was carried out during two successive seasons at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El- Sheikh University to evaluate some essential oils as biocontrol agents for powdery mildew on Zinnia elegans, L”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–240

e1
“The highest significant decrease in disease incidence and severity and the best results for most of the studied growth and flowering parameters and total green colour were recorded when plants were sprayed with ginger, cinnamon and clove oils, respectively each at 500 ppm compared to the other treatments in both seasons”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 935–1256

Title

Efficacy of some essential oils on controlling powdery mildew on zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.)

M.A. Hegazi Journal of Applied Horticulture 2010. doi:10.37855/jah.2010.v12i01.17

Other claims from this paper (3)

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Soil and plant K analyses are useful tools for adapting long-term field trial results to developing fertilizer recommendations.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Outcome: developing fertilizer recommendationse3

Verbatim

e0
“on a light loam calcareous Mollisol, having 23% clay content, with Illite clay mineral dominance. The soil is moderately supplied K. Corn as test plant was sown in monoculture in the trial. The first 10 years are evaluated in the paper. Soil K-test/AL-K/values did not decrease in the first 6 years, but diminished in the 7–10th years. The light loam soil did not fix the added fertilizer-K strongly.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 480–880

e3
“Both the AL-K test values, and flowering stage leaf K concentrations indicated the soil and plant K supply in the different K levels and years similarly. Residual K effects can be hindered by different reasons in the first years: due to previous K application in the experimental area, or drought period, or efficient utilization of soil-K by hybrids. Soil and plant K analyses data are useful tools in adapting the resu…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1441–1933

Title

THE RESIDUAL EFFECT OF K FERTILIZATION IN A HUNGARIAN CORN MONOCULTURE LONG-TERM FIELD TRIAL, 1990–1999

Péter Csathó Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2002. doi:10.1081/css-120014509

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heatinge5
Outcome: size of apical kernelse1
Direction: increasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“the increase in size of apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1163

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of hairy bittercress in container-grown ornamentals.

Taxon: container-grown ornamentalse0
Treatment: oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin, and methazole + prodiaminee2
Interactor: hairy bittercressCardamine hirsutae2weed
Outcome: controle1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of 17 PRE herbicides on seven weed species that are important competitors in container-grown ornamentals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147

e1
“Some treatments provided nearly total control of less than 1.0 seedling per container at each rating over two years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–537

e2
“Those treatments were: common groundsel—diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin; prostrate spurge—pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiamine; common chickweed—isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin; hairy bittercress—oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + or…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 539–1459

Title

Herbicide Efficacy for Production of Container Ornamentals

Lena B. Gallitano; Walter A. Skroch Weed Technology 1993. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00036952

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shasho treated with Apron Star had the minimum disease incidence of 23.41%, lower than untreated local chickpea.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Material: Shashoe3
Treatment: Apron Stare3
Interactor: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . cicerisFusarium oxysporume7pathogen
Outcome: disease incidencee3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Value: 23.41%e3
Comparator: untreated local chickpeae2
Setting: Adet Agricultural Research Center in northwestern Ethiopiae7

Verbatim

e0
“Four varieties, namely, Shasho, Arerti, Marye, and local, two fungicides, namely, Apron Star and mancozeb, and untreated local chickpea were used as treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 350–509

e2
“the maximum disease incidence and area under disease progress curve values 65.62% and 578.5%-day, respectively, were recorded from untreated local chickpea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–1065

e3
“the minimum disease incidence and area under disease progress curve values 23.41% and 147%-day, respectively, were recorded from Shasho variety treated with Apron Star”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1240

e7
“A 2-year experiment was conducted at wilt sick plot infested with natural occurring Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . ciceris at Adet Agricultural Research Center in northwestern Ethiopia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–179

Title

Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties and Fungicides for the Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) at Adet Sick Plot in Northwest Ethiopia

Yigrem Mengist; Samuel Sahile; Assefa Sintayehu; et al. International Journal of Agronomy 2018. doi:10.1155/2018/6015205

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin gave nearly total control of common groundsel in container-grown ornamentals.

Taxon: container-grown ornamentalse0
Treatment: diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethaline2
Interactor: common groundsele2weed
Outcome: controle1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of 17 PRE herbicides on seven weed species that are important competitors in container-grown ornamentals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147

e1
“Some treatments provided nearly total control of less than 1.0 seedling per container at each rating over two years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–537

e2
“Those treatments were: common groundsel—diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin; prostrate spurge—pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiamine; common chickweed—isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin; hairy bittercress—oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + or…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 539–1459

Title

Herbicide Efficacy for Production of Container Ornamentals

Lena B. Gallitano; Walter A. Skroch Weed Technology 1993. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00036952

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Some PRE herbicides gave nearly total weed control in container-grown ornamentals over two years.
Intervention effect Pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin and methazole + prodiamine gave nearly total control of prostrate spurge in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin gave nearly total control of common chickweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of hairy bittercress in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Oxyfluorfen, prodiamine-ABD and methazole + prodiamine gave nearly total control of common ragweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of Virginia pepperweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of horseweed in container-grown ornamentals.

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