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“decrease in A”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 58% population decrease caused only a 12% soybean yield decrease.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe1
Treatment: 58% population decreasee0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 12%e0
Comparator: 164 000 plants ha −le0

Verbatim

e0
“A 58% population decrease from 164 000 plants ha −l resulted in a yield decrease of only 12%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–972

e1
“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–33

Title

Branch Yield Components Controlling Soybean Yield Stability across Plant Populations

A. C. Carpenter; J. E. Board Crop Science 1997. doi:10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700030031x

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect A 43% population increase produced no significant soybean yield change.
Observation Branch dry matter averaged 14.0 g per plant at low population.
Observation Branch dry matter averaged 5.3 g per plant at medium population.
Observation Branch dry matter averaged 3.6 g per plant at high population.
Association Greater branch dry matter yielded more branch nodes, reproductive nodes and pods.
Association Pods per reproductive branch node affected yield in some cases.
Association Branch dry matter correlated strongly with yield at r squared 0.95.
Method / resource Branch dry matter was useful for identifying cultivars with low optimal population.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For NH4+, prolonged darkness was characterized by a large decrease in influx and a small decrease in efflux.

Taxon: Italian RyegrassLolium multiflorumt0
Treatment: Prolonged exposure to darknesse2
Compound: NH4+e1
Outcome: decrease in influx and a small decrease in effluxe1
Direction: decreasee1
Qualifier: large decrease in influx and a small decrease in effluxe1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“For NH4+ this was characterized by a large decrease in influx and a small decrease in efflux”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1180–1272

e2
“Prolonged exposure to darkness”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1052–1082

t0
“Italian Ryegrass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–61

Title

Influx and Efflux of Nitrate and Ammonium in Italian Ryegrass and White Clover Roots: Comparisons Between Effects of Darkness and Defoliation

J. H. MACDUFF; S. B. JACKSON Journal of Experimental Botany 1992. doi:10.1093/jxb/43.4.525

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation In entire and decapitated ryegrass plants, rates of net uptake, influx and efflux of NH4+ exceeded those of NO3−.
Observation In white clover the opposite occurred: rates of net uptake, influx and efflux of NO3− exceeded those of NH4+.
Intervention effect Defoliation of ryegrass decreased net uptake of NH4+ by 62%, a greater decrease than for NO3−.
Intervention effect Defoliation of ryegrass decreased net uptake of NO3− by 40%.
Intervention effect After defoliation of ryegrass, NH4+ influx decreased from 11.0 to 6.0 umol per h per g root fresh weight.
Intervention effect After defoliation of ryegrass, NO3− influx only decreased from 4.2 to 3.7 umol per h per g.
Intervention effect Prolonged darkness lowered net uptake of NO3− by 86% of IL levels in ryegrass.
Intervention effect Prolonged darkness lowered net uptake of NH4+ by 95% of IL levels in ryegrass.
Intervention effect For NO3−, prolonged darkness caused a large decrease in influx.
Intervention effect For NO3−, prolonged darkness caused a smaller increase in efflux.
Observation Estimated translocatory flux of NO3− was 0.3-2.0 umol per h per g.
Observation Estimated translocatory flux of NH4+ was 0.03-0.4 umol per h per g.
Observation Estimated root assimilation of NO3− was 0.2-2.6 umol per h per g.
Observation Estimated root assimilation of NH4+ was 0.5-8.9 umol per h per g.
Observation Estimated NO3− concentration in the cytoplasmic compartment of the roots was 9-15 mol per m3.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Washing caused a slight decrease in pigments.

Taxon: PomegranatePunica granatumt0
Outcome: pigmentse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Pomegranate”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–91

e0
“although a slight decrease in pigments occurred”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 240–287

Title

Minimal Processing and Modified Atmosphere Packaging Effects on Pigmentation of Pomegranate Seeds

M.I. GIL; F. ARTES; F.A. TOMAS‐BARBERAN Journal of Food Science 1996. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14749.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Washing solutions did not differ in anthocyanin composition.
Intervention effect Storage in perforated polypropylene bags preserved pigments.
Intervention effect Most anthocyanins increased slightly in perforated polypropylene bags.
Intervention effect Anthocyanins increased at 1°C during modified-atmosphere storage.
Intervention effect Anthocyanins decreased at 8°C and 4°C during modified-atmosphere storage.
Observation Delphinidin derivatives were the most sensitive anthocyanins.
Observation Cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives were stable and increased slightly.
Observation The 3,5‐diglucosides were more stable than 3‐glucosides.
Intervention effect Unperforated OPP bags maintained pigments better than perforated OPP bags at 1°C for seven days.
Intervention effect After four additional days at 4°C, perforated films preserved pigments better.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

K+ concentrations showed no decrease or only a small decrease with salinity in L. esculentum, in both whole plants and callus tissues.

Taxon: L. esculentumSolanum lycopersicume5
Organ / stage: whole plants and callus tissuese5
Treatment: salinitye5
Outcome: K+ concentrationse5
Direction: no decrease or a small decreasee5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e5
“Either no decrease or a small decrease of K+ concentrations with salinity were found in both whole plants and callus tissues of L. esculentum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 838–979

Title

Comparative salt responses at cell and whole-plant levels of cultivated and wild tomato species and their hybrid

F. Perez-Alfocea; G. Guerrier; M.T. Estan; et al. Journal of Horticultural Science 1994. doi:10.1080/14620316.1994.11516495

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Lycopersicon pennellii was more salt-tolerant than L. esculentum and the hybrid in growth responses, in both calli and whole plants.
Intervention effect Na+ and Cl- accumulation was higher in L. pennellii than in L. esculentum, at both levels of organization.
Intervention effect The interspecific hybrid showed Na+ and Cl- accumulation intermediate to its parents in the shoot of whole plants.
Intervention effect In callus tissues, the hybrid showed Na+ and Cl- accumulation similar to L. pennellii.
Intervention effect K+ concentrations decreased in the organs and calli of L. pennellii with increasing salinity.
Intervention effect K+ concentrations decreased in the organs and calli of the interspecific hybrid with increasing salinity.
Intervention effect At the whole-plant level, L. pennellii had a higher Na+/K+ ratio than L. esculentum.
Intervention effect The interspecific hybrid had a Na+/K+ ratio between those of its parents in the shoot.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in duration of dry matter accumulation with temperature results in a decrease of final seed dry weight.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
Treatment: temperaturee0
Outcome: final seed dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–52

e0
“decreases with temperature, resulting in a decrease of final seed dry weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 176–252

Title

Control of Seed Respiration and Growth in Vicia faba by Oxygen and Temperature: No Evidence for an Oxygen Diffusion Barrier

Ries de Visser; Harold M. Dekhuijzen; Dick R. Verkerke PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1990. doi:10.1104/pp.93.2.668

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect The rate of dry matter accumulation by Vicia faba cv. Minica seeds increases with temperature between 16 and 26 degrees C.
Intervention effect The duration of seed dry matter accumulation decreases with temperature.
Intervention effect O2 uptake rates of intact seeds in buffer were only 9 to 15% of those in air.
Intervention effect In buffer, the respiration rate of intact seeds decreased at a pO2 below air saturation (21 kilopascals).
Intervention effect In buffer, separated seeds showed a decline of O2 uptake only below 80% of air saturation.
Intervention effect In air, embryo excision had no effect on the sensitivity of seed respiration to pO2 at both 20 and 26 degrees C.
Intervention effect In air at 20 degrees C, separated and intact seeds showed similar rates of O2 uptake.
Observation Oxygen uptake by intact seeds, both halfway and beyond the linear growth phase, showed a temperature coefficient Q10 of 2.3.
Observation Oxygen uptake by intact seeds was insensitive to pO2 in the range of 80 to 100% of ambient.
Mechanism The results indicate that V. faba seed respiration in air is not limited by the diffusion of O2 into the seed.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ozone causes an early decrease in carboxylation efficiency in leaves, which leads to a decrease in light-saturated net photosynthesis.

Taxon: plante0
Treatment: ozonee1
Outcome: carboxylation efficiencye1
Direction: decreasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Tropospheric ozone has been recognised as a limiting factor for plant growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–76

e1
“We conclude from the reviewed literature and from our own experiments that a decrease in carboxylation efficiency (CE) seems to be an early event caused by ozone leading to a decrease in A sat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 652–844

Title

Mechanisms of Impairment of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Intact Leaves by Ozone

Thomas Gerhard Reichenauer; Harald Romuald Bolhàr-Nordenkampf Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 1999. doi:10.1515/znc-1999-9-1031

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Further delay caused a much smaller Royal Gala weight decrease.

Treatment: further delaye0
Outcome: weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“with a much smaller decrease in weight with further delay”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 572–629

Title

Crop loading studies with ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’ apples: Effect of time and level of hand thinning

S. McArtney; J. W. Palmer; H. M. Adams New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 1996. doi:10.1080/01140671.1996.9513977

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Early thinning produced larger fruit at harvest in three experiments.
Association Fruit number per tree significantly influenced mean fruit weight in one experiment.
Intervention effect Delaying Royal Gala thinning by 3–4 weeks reduced harvest mean fruit weight by 16% versus full bloom thinning.
Intervention effect Braeburn had its greatest fruit size loss when thinning was delayed to 8 WAFB.
Intervention effect Royal Gala leaf area per tree decreased 17% after thinning at 4 or 8 WAFB versus full bloom.
Intervention effect Later Braeburn thinning reduced leaf area per tree by 6% per four week delay.
Intervention effect Removing Braeburn fruit at full bloom reduced spur leaf size the following year versus later removal.
Intervention effect Removing Braeburn fruit at full bloom reduced king flower receptacle diameter and dry weight the following year.
Intervention effect Removing Braeburn fruit at full bloom reduced bourse shoot length the following year.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A second basal hypocotyl cut caused a persistent decrease in growth rate.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativust0
Treatment: a second, severing cute0
Outcome: GRe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a second, severing cut in the basal hypocotyl caused a decrease in GR which was no longer transient”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 425–524

t0
“cucumber hypocotyls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–89

Title

A reduced xylem pressure altered the electric and growth responses in cucumber hypocotyls

R. STAHLBERG; D. J. COSGROVE Plant Cell & Environment 1997. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-7.x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Root excision eliminated most positive xylem pressure in cucumber hypocotyls.
Intervention effect Root excision caused a rapid transient drop in hypocotyl growth rate.
Observation Root excision caused small local depolarization near the cut site.
Intervention effect A second basal hypocotyl cut increased the size and extent of depolarization.
Intervention effect Root incubation in mannitol simulated the growth and electrical changes.
Intervention effect Increased mannitol concentration reduced growth recovery without electric changes.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Further raising CO2 from 2600 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 produced a smaller further decrease in those yield traits.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: 10000 micromoles mol-1e0
Outcome: decreasee0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: 2600e0

Verbatim

e0
“Further elevation of [CO2] from 2600 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 caused a further but smaller decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1079–1179

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–72

Title

Very High CO2Reduces Photosynthesis, Dark Respiration and Yield in Wheat

J REUVENI Annals of Botany 1997. doi:10.1006/anbo.1997.0489

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raising CO2 from 350 to 1000 micromoles mol-1 increased wheat seed yield by 33%.
Intervention effect Raising CO2 from 350 to 1000 micromoles mol-1 increased vegetative biomass by 25%.
Intervention effect Raising CO2 from 350 to 1000 micromoles mol-1 increased heads per square meter by 34%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased seed yield by 37%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased harvest index by 14%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased mass per seed by 9%.
Intervention effect Increasing CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 decreased seeds per head by 29%.
Intervention effect Very high CO2 had negligible, nonsignificant effects on vegetative biomass, heads per square meter, and seed mass per head.
Intervention effect Seed yield, harvest index and seeds per head sharply decreased between 1000 and 2600 micromoles mol-1 CO2.
Observation The two wheat cultivars responded similarly to CO2 across growth parameters.
Observation Wheat grown in the two cultivation environments did not differ in response to high CO2.
Association High CO2 was not correlated with ethylene production by wheat flag leaves or heads.
Intervention effect Whole-plant photosynthetic rate was 8% lower at 2600 micromoles mol-1 CO2 than at ambient CO2.
Intervention effect Wheat head dark respiration was 25% lower at 2600 micromoles mol-1 CO2 than at ambient CO2.
Mechanism The authors attribute reduced seed set mainly to reduced dark respiration in wheat heads.
Mechanism The authors conclude that ethylene does not mediate reduced wheat seed set.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Germination of Penstemon seeds showed a marked decrease above 20C.

Taxon: PenstemonPenstemont0
Treatment: above 20Ce1
Outcome: germination percentagee1
Direction: decreasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Temperature Requirements for Seed Germination of Three Penstemon Species”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–72

e1
“All species showed a marked decrease in germination percentage above 20C”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 647–719

Title

Temperature Requirements for Seed Germination of Three Penstemon Species'

Phil S. Allen; Susan E. Meyer HortScience 1990. doi:10.21273/hortsci.25.2.191

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Incubation at 15C produced maximum germination after 4 weeks.
Intervention effect An 8-week stratification increased germination in seed lots containing dormant seeds.
Intervention effect A 2-week stratification generally failed to break seed dormancy.
Observation Older Bandera seeds germinated to full viability without stratification.
Observation At 15C, Bandera seeds reached 90% of total germination in a mean of 11 days.
Observation At 15C, Cedar seeds reached 90% of total germination in a mean of 22 days.
Observation At 15C, firecracker penstemon seeds reached 90% of total germination in a mean of 29 days.
Intervention effect Transfer to 15C with gibberellic acid was effective in breaking primary dormancy of firecracker penstemon.
Intervention effect Transfer to 15C with gibberellic acid was effective in breaking secondary dormancy of Bandera penstemon.
Recommendation Incubation below 20C with 8 weeks of stratification or after-ripened seed may improve seed propagation of these Penstemon species.

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“decrease in A”

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