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“magnitude of decrease”

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Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inferior grain quality varieties showed greater changes than superior ones.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Material: inferior grain quality varietiese0
Outcome: magnitude of the increase or decreasee0
Direction: greatere0
Comparator: superior onese0

Verbatim

e0
“inferior grain quality varieties showed a greater magnitude of the increase or decrease than the superior ones.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 479–590

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 123–127

Title

Effect of Temperature at Grain Filling Stage on Activities of Key Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis and Grain Quality of Rice

Jin Jin; Zheng-xun; Qian Qian; et al. 水稻科学：英文版 2005

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect High temperature increased rice grain protein content.
Intervention effect High temperature decreased rice grain amylose content.
Intervention effect High temperature decreased rice taste meter value.
Association Rapid visco analyser profiles reacted differently to temperature among rice varieties.
Observation AGPP activity rose to a peak then declined during grain filling.
Observation SSS activity rose to a peak then declined during grain filling.
Observation SBE activity rose to a peak then declined during grain filling.
Association Enzyme activities and timing of their maxima differed among varieties at the same grain filling stage.
Association AGPP activity was insensitive to environmental temperature.
Association SSS activity was insensitive to environmental temperature.
Association SBE activity declined at excessively high or low temperature.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At an initial concentration of 10(9) CFU ml(-1), yeast viability fell two orders in six months.

Taxon: mangoMangifera indicat0
Interactor: Rhodotorula minutaCystobasidium minutumt0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: decreasee0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: two orders of magnitudee0
Qualifier: in 6 monthse0

Verbatim

t0
“Rhodotorula minuta, a potential biocontrol agent of mango anthracnose”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–118

e0
“when it was formulated at 10(9) CFU ml(-1), the decrease was of two orders of magnitude in 6 months”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 838–937

Title

Pilot-scale production and liquid formulation of Rhodotorula minuta, a potential biocontrol agent of mango anthracnose

M. Patino-Vera; B. Jimenez; K. Balderas; et al. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02646.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Preharvest yeast application yielded postharvest anthracnose severity equal to or below that under a chemical fungicide.
Method / resource The fermentation process was successfully scaled up with low-cost medium.
Observation At an initial concentration of 10(10) CFU ml(-1), yeast viability fell 4-5 orders in one month.
Intervention effect The glycerol and xanthan formulation avoided contamination and yeast sedimentation.
Observation The formulation preserved up to 10(7) CFU ml(-1) after six months at 4 degrees C.
Observation R. minuta is reported as a novel antagonist of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
Method / resource Pilot production enabled field tests in commercial orchards over three harvest seasons.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Reducing autumn nitrogen loss could enhance mountain birch seedling growth at an order of magnitude comparable to a 1 to 2 K soil temperature increase.

Taxon: mountain birchBetula pubescens var. pumilae0
Organ / stage: seedlingse0
Treatment: a decrease in the amount of N lost in autumne0
Outcome: growth ratee0
Direction: enhancee0
Value: 1 to 2 Ke0

Verbatim

e0
“a decrease in the amount of N lost in autumn and an increase in the amount of N taken up during winter could enhance the growth rate of mountain birch seedlings by the same order of magnitude as an increase in growing season soil temperature by 1 to 2 K”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1235–1488

Title

Growth of Mountain Birch Seedlings in Early‐Successional Patches: A Year‐Round Perspective

M. Weih Plant Biology 2000. doi:10.1055/s-2000-5959

Other claims from this paper (1)

Association Increasing winter nitrogen uptake could enhance mountain birch seedling growth at an order of magnitude comparable to a 1 to 2 K soil temperature increase.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize genetic variance did not decline from 1975 to 2004.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Outcome: magnitude of genetic variancee0
Direction: neither a decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“There was neither a decrease in the magnitude of genetic variance nor a change in the predominance of variance due to GCA over variance due to SCA.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 4290–4437

e1
“the maize program of the University of Hohenheim”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3978–4026

Title

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the exploitation of heterosis in hybrid breeding

Sandra E. Fischer University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universität Hohenheim) 2009

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Triticale had low heterosis.
Association Between-group factorials had a higher GCA-to-SCA variance ratio than within-group designs.
Association Genetically distinct populations showed a more favorable GCA-to-SCA ratio than less distinct populations.
Method / resource The enumeration algorithm improved all criteria for identifying heterotic groups.
Observation F1 performance was the leading criterion for developing and enriching heterotic groups.
Observation Heterosis was the next most important criterion for developing and enriching heterotic groups.
Observation US exotic maize germplasm had higher genetic diversity than Central European groups.
Recommendation The authors recommend introgressing non-Stiff Stalk germplasm into the Flint group.
Recommendation The authors recommend introgressing Stiff Stalk germplasm into the Dent group.
Observation East European rye OPVs had higher genetic diversity than Central European groups.
Observation The Carsten rye group had a narrow genetic base.
Recommendation The authors recommend the Carsten group as the primary target for genetic broadening.
Association All five rye OPVs were genetically closer to Petkus than Carsten.
Observation Two rye OPVs were good candidates for introgression into Petkus.
Observation One rye OPV was a good candidate for introgression into Carsten.
Recommendation The authors suggest using selected clones of these rye populations for introgression.
Observation Maize GCA variance remained predominant over SCA variance.
Recommendation The authors recommend continually enriching heterotic groups through germplasm introgression.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in soil pH was larger when organic sources were applied along with chemical fertilizers.

Taxon: Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarume0
Treatment: organic sources were applied along with chemical fertilizerse7
Outcome: magnitude of decreasee7
Direction: moree7
Comparator: chemical fertilizerse7

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted on integrated nutrient management in late-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paoi.) system during 1995–96 to 1998–99 at Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–237

e7
“pH of the soil decreased from initial value (8.20) with the application of fertilizers and the magnitude of decrease was more when organic sources were applied along with chemical fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1214–1405

Title

Integrated nutrient management in late-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system in western Uttar Pradesh

K. S. Gangwar; Sanjeev Sharma; O. K. Tomar Indian Journal of Agronomy 2003

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Soil-test-based 100% NPK gave significantly higher cane yield.
Intervention effect Substituting 25% N with pressmud and FYM gave sugarcane yield at par with 100% NPK.
Intervention effect Substituting 25% N with pressmud, FYM or cowpea green manure increased ratoon cane yield significantly.
Intervention effect Soil-test-based 100% NPK gave significantly higher wheat yield.
Intervention effect Curtailing chemical fertilizer significantly reduced wheat yield.
Intervention effect Substituting 25% of wheat N need with sugarcane stubbles gave the lowest wheat yield, 2.70 tonnes/ha, significantly lower.
Intervention effect Chemical fertilizer alone reduced brix, sucrose and purity.
Intervention effect Combining chemical and organic manures improved brix, sucrose and purity.
Intervention effect Fertilizer application decreased soil pH from its initial value.
Observation Soil organic carbon did not change remarkably.
Intervention effect Combining chemical fertilizer with organic sources increased available P and K in soil.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Changes in fertility and moisture values decreased with slope angle and solar radiation index.

Taxon: chalk grasslandst0
Outcome: magnitude of change of fertility and moisture valuese0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: topographic solar radiation index derived from slope and aspecte0
Setting: angle of slopee0

Verbatim

e0
“The magnitude of change of fertility and moisture values was found to decrease with angle of slope and with a topographic solar radiation index derived from slope and aspect.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1475–1649

t0
“British chalk grasslands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–88

Title

Influence of slope and aspect on long‐term vegetation change in British chalk grasslands

JONATHAN BENNIE; MARK O. HILL; ROBERT BAXTER; et al. Journal of Ecology 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01104.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irradiation decreased ethylene production of control apple fruit in a dose-dependent manner.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: Irradiatione0
Outcome: ethylene productione0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: dependent on irradiation dosagee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Irradiation caused a decrease in ethylene production by control (non-MCP) fruit, and the magnitude of the decrease was dependent on irradiation dosage.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 619–770

t0
“Apple Fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–53

Title

113 Ethylene Mediates Responses of `Gala' Apple Fruit to Ionizing Irradiation

Xuetong Fan; David Buchanan; Luiz Argenta; et al. HortScience 2000. doi:10.21273/hortsci.35.3.408c

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect MCP reduced respiration in Gala apple fruit.
Intervention effect MCP reduced ethylene production in Gala apple fruit.
Intervention effect MCP slowed loss of apple fruit firmness and titratable acidity.
Intervention effect Irradiation increased respiration of MCP-treated apple fruit with dose.
Intervention effect Irradiation stimulated ethylene production of MCP-treated apple fruit for one day.
Intervention effect Irradiation induced internal browning in apple fruit.
Association Apple fruit irradiation injury severity increased with dose.
Intervention effect Irradiation damage severity and incidence were higher in MCP-treated apple fruit than controls.
Mechanism The authors infer that ethylene mediates apple fruit responses to irradiation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After harvest,the magnitude of yield treated with different water stress is summarized as: CKlightsevere

Taxon: hybrid riceOryza sativat0 e1
Treatment: different water stresse0 e1
Outcome: yielde0 e1
Direction: lowerinferrede0 e1
Comparator: CKe0 e1

Verbatim

e0
“After harvest,the magnitude of yield treated with different water stress is summarized as: CKlightsevere”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–743

e1
“However,in severe water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreaded rapidly,the content ROS and the activity of SOD were higher than in light water stress,but at the 7～9 days the activity of SOD began to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 410–638

t0
“hybrid rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–75

Title

Effect of water stress on photosynthesis and yield character of hybrid rice at different stages

Guotao Yang Ganhan diqu nongye yanjiu 2008

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in severe water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreaded rapidly
Intervention effect the content ROS and the activity of SOD were higher than in light water stress
Intervention effect at the 7～9 days the activity of SOD began to decrease
Observation the results showed 6 different protein bands
Intervention effect Followed by increasing water stress degree,the light of protein band increased gradually
Observation It also showed difference in two varieties
Observation The ability of resistance to water stress at three stages were summarized as: Booting stage flowering stagetillering stage
Observation B-You 827 had higher resistance to both light and severe water stress compared to Gangyou 725 at three stages

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After booting stage, waterlogging caused a pronounced decrease of these characters in winter wheat.

Taxon: Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: After booting stage, waterlogginge3
Outcome: these characterse3
Direction: pronounced decreasee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“the Root System of Winter Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–95

e3
“After booting stage, waterlogging would invariably cause pronounced decrease of these characters, and the magnitude of the decrease became larger with the progress of the growth and development of the wheat plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 558–770

Title

Effect of Waterlogging on the Growth and Nutrient Metabolism of the Root System of Winter Wheat

Zhou Su ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2001

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage increased secondary root production in the top soil of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage increased N content and the proportion of N distributed to the root system of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage increased soluble sugar content in the root system of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage elevated the C/N ratio of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Prolonged waterlogging decreased all these attributes of winter wheat.
Association The magnitude of the decrease caused by waterlogging after booting stage became larger as the wheat plant developed.
Intervention effect Prolonged waterlogging decreased biomass, N accumulation and P accumulation of the winter wheat root system at all growth stages.
Intervention effect Prolonged waterlogging decreased P content and P proportion of the winter wheat root system at all growth stages.
Intervention effect Waterlogging for 5 days at the filling stage seriously handicapped the growth and metabolism of the wheat root system.
Intervention effect Waterlogging for 10 days at the filling stage reduced N and P accumulation of winter wheat roots to more than half of normal.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth decreased comparably across axes and growth units regardless of position.

Taxon: apple treeMalus domesticat0
Organ / stage: axes and GUse0
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“the decrease in growth was comparable in magnitude for all axes and GUs, irrespective of their position.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 785–889

t0
“apple tree”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 55–65

Title

Exploring Within-tree Architectural Development of Two Apple Tree Cultivars Over 6 Years

E. COSTES Annals of Botany 2002. doi:10.1093/aob/mcg010

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Within-tree morphological gradients were confirmed.
Mechanism The growth decrease resulted from fewer metamers per growth unit, modeled exponentially.
Association Declining growth involved changes in axillary shoot number and nature.
Observation Spur death probability was constant across years.
Association Spur death probability differed by cultivar and bearing shoot type.
Observation Braeburn flowering and fruiting probabilities were predictable within trees.
Observation Fuji had alternating bearing behavior that was harder to predict.
Mechanism Fuji alternation appeared linked to synchronized increase in floral growth units.
Mechanism Fuji alternation appeared linked to high fruit-set probability.

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“magnitude of decrease”

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