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Organism groups follow NCBI Taxonomy: the spellings of one organism are merged, a claim naming several organisms sits in each group, and claims whose value names no organism are under “not stated”.

Zea mays 12

Show all 12 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seven heterozygous knobs containing 180-bp repeats were detected by FISH across the materials tested.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Material
six maize inbred lines and one Z. diploperennis Iltis Doebley linee6
Outcome
heterozygous knobs containing 180-bp repeatse1
Value
sevene1

Verbatim

e0

“Knobs are blocks of heterochromatin present on chromosomes of maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–81
e1

“Signals of seven heterozygous knobs containing 180-bp repeats”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 455–516
e6

“six maize inbred lines and one Z. diploperennis Iltis Doebley line were investigated”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 234–318

Title

Heterozygosity of Knob-Associated Tandem Repeats and Knob Instability in Mitotic Chromosomes of Zea (Zea mays L. and Z. diploperennis Iltis Doebley)

Zhiyong; Xiong; Yong; et al. 植物学报:英文版 2005

Other claims from this paper (3)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The B drive mechanism causes detrimental effects through adherence of heterochromatic knobs and A centromeres at the mitosis preceding sperm development

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
detrimental effectse5
Qualifier
adherence of heterochromatic knobs and apparently A centromeres at the mitosis preceding sperm developmente5

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–72
e5

“Collectively, the results reveal two backgrounds in which the B drive mechanism is not confined to this chromosome causing detrimental effects by adherence of heterochromatic knobs and apparently A centromeres at the mitosis preceding sperm development”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1148–1400

Title

Aneuploidy and ploidy variation conditioned by the B chromosome of maize

Patrice S. Albert; Hua Yang; Zhi Gao; et al. Heredity 2025. doi:10.1038/s41437-025-00764-y

Other claims from this paper (5)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Thirteen repeat-sensitive genome assemblies of maize and its recent ancestor teosinte were generated.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Outcome
repeat-sensitive genome assembliese0
Value
13e0

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–76
e0

“we generate 13 repeat-sensitive genome assemblies of maize and its recent ancestor, teosinte”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–715

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)

not stated 11

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

39 plant communities of Estonian inland sand knobs were described and classified into 7 syntaxonomic units.

Taxon
plant communitiese1
Outcome
classified into 7 syntaxonomic unitse1
Value
39 plant communitiese1
Setting
South-Eastern Estoniae0

Verbatim

e0

“Vegetation of inland sand knobs in South-Eastern Estonia was studied”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 51–119
e1

“39 plant communities were described and thereafter classified into 7 syntaxonomic units”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 121–208

Title

On sand knobs vegetation in Verhulitsa-Lutepää region, South-Eastern Estonia

Jaanus Paal; Kaie Kurg; Taimi Paal Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused 2008. doi:10.2478/v10132-011-0065-y

Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The male stylet is 24.5 mu long with large, elongate knobs.

Taxon
Meloidogyne lusitanicae0
Outcome
robust stylete1
Value
24.5 mue1

Verbatim

e0

“Meloidogyne lusitanica n. sp., is described”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 36–79
e1

“The robust stylet, 24.5 mu long, has large, elongate knobs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–620

Title

Meloidogyne lusitanica n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitizing Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.).

I M de O Abrantes; M S de A Santos PubMed 1991

Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Males of T. palustris have larger stylet knobs and basal bulb than males of T. semipenetrans.

Taxon
indigenous flora of Floridae0
Interactor
T. palustrisTylenchulus palustrise5parasite
Second interactor
T. semipenetransTylenchulus semipenetranse5parasite
Outcome
stylet knobs and basal bulbe5
Direction
largere5

Verbatim

e0

“T. graminis and T. palustris are parasites of indigenous flora of Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1253–1326
e5

“The male of T. palustris has larger stylet knobs and basal bulb than those of T. semipenetrans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 835–929

Title

Tylenchulus graminis n. sp. and T. palustris n. sp. (Tylenchulidae), from Native Flora of Florida, with Notes on T. semipenetrans and T. furcus.

R N Inserra; N Vovlas; J H O'Bannon; et al. PubMed 1988

Other claims from this paper (10)

Arabidopsis thaliana 3

Show all 3 →
Observationobservedreview summarymeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The Arabidopsis knob contains largely tandem repeats and retrotransposons with very few transcribed genes.

Taxon
Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
Outcome
largely tandem repeats and retrotransposonse1
Qualifier
very few transcribed genese1

Verbatim

e0

“Arabidopsis thaliana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–356
e1

“The knob contains largely tandem repeats and retrotransposons with very few transcribed genes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1079

Title

Heterochromatin Knobs Revisited

Science 2000. doi:10.1126/science.287.5456.1169e

Other claims from this paper (2)
Observationobservedreview summarymeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The Arabidopsis knob is susceptible to methylation in the same pattern as other heterochromatic sequences.

Taxon
Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
Outcome
susceptible to methylatione1

Verbatim

e0

“Arabidopsis thaliana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–356
e1

“The knob contains largely tandem repeats and retrotransposons with very few transcribed genes, and is susceptible to methylation in the same pattern as are other heterochromatic sequences”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1173

Title

Heterochromatin Knobs Revisited

Science 2000. doi:10.1126/science.287.5456.1169e

Other claims from this paper (2)
Observationhypothesisreview summarymeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The heterochromatic knob of Arabidopsis chromosome 4 may have evolved from an inversion event that moved pericentromeric heterochromatic sequences into the chromosome arm.

Taxon
Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
Outcome
may have evolved from an inversion evente1

Verbatim

e0

“Arabidopsis thaliana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–356
e1

“the heterochromatic ‘knob,’ a lump observable by classical cytogenetics, may have evolved from an inversion event”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 768–881

Title

Heterochromatin Knobs Revisited

Science 2000. doi:10.1126/science.287.5456.1169e

Other claims from this paper (2)

Solanum lycopersicum 3

Show all 3 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zotonchus brachyzaimus rarely adhered to the sticky knobs.

Interactor
Zotonchus brachyzaimuse4other
Outcome
rarely adherede4

Verbatim

e0

“The infection rate of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles was reduced by more than 90 O/o following migration through soil infested with the nematode-trapping fungus, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum to tomato roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–215
e4

“Zotonchus brachyzaimus anly rarely adhered”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 931–973

Title

Density-dependence and host-specificity of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium ellipsosporum

Jerome T. Gaspard; R. Mankau Revue de nématologie 1987

Other claims from this paper (10)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Meloidogyne incognita adhered to the sticky knobs of M. ellipsosporum traps, among other nematode species.

Interactor
Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae3pest
Outcome
adhered to the sticky knobse3
Qualifier
Acrobeloides sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Aphelenchus avenae, Criconemella xenoplax, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus scribneri, Seinura oxuris, and Tylenchulus semipenetranse3

Verbatim

e0

“The infection rate of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles was reduced by more than 90 O/o following migration through soil infested with the nematode-trapping fungus, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum to tomato roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–215
e3

“Acrobeloides sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Aphelenchus avenae, Criconemella xenoplax, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus scribneri, Seinura oxuris, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans, adhered to the sticky knobs while Longidorus aji-icanus, Mesodo ylaimus sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Xiphinema anzericanunz, and Diplenteron sp. adults did not”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 596–929

Title

Density-dependence and host-specificity of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium ellipsosporum

Jerome T. Gaspard; R. Mankau Revue de nématologie 1987

Other claims from this paper (10)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Longidorus aji-icanus, Mesodo ylaimus sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Xiphinema anzericanunz and Diplenteron sp. adults did not adhere to the sticky knobs.

Outcome
adhered to the sticky knobse3
Qualifier
Longidorus aji-icanus, Mesodo ylaimus sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Xiphinema anzericanunz, and Diplenteron sp. adults did note3

Verbatim

e0

“The infection rate of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles was reduced by more than 90 O/o following migration through soil infested with the nematode-trapping fungus, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum to tomato roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–215
e3

“Acrobeloides sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Aphelenchus avenae, Criconemella xenoplax, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus scribneri, Seinura oxuris, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans, adhered to the sticky knobs while Longidorus aji-icanus, Mesodo ylaimus sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Xiphinema anzericanunz, and Diplenteron sp. adults did not”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 596–929

Title

Density-dependence and host-specificity of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium ellipsosporum

Jerome T. Gaspard; R. Mankau Revue de nématologie 1987

Other claims from this paper (10)

Morella pensylvanica 2

Show all 2 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bayberry knob fruit tissue is fully developed before wax accumulates.

Taxon
Myrica pensylvanicaMorella pensylvanicae0
Organ / stage
Bayberry knobse1
Outcome
fully developed before wax accumulatese1

Verbatim

e0

“Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–37
e1

“microscopic examination revealed that the fruit tissue that produces and secretes wax (Bayberry knobs) is fully developed before wax accumulates and that wax is secreted to the surface without cell disruption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–841

Title

How did nature engineer the highest surface lipid accumulation among plants? Exceptional expression of acyl-lipid-associated genes for the assembly of extracellular triacylglycerol by Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits Molecular and cell biology of lipids

Jeffrey P. Simpson; Nicholas A. Thrower; John B. Ohlrogge Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2016

Other claims from this paper (6)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wax is secreted to the bayberry fruit surface without cell disruption.

Taxon
Myrica pensylvanicaMorella pensylvanicae0
Organ / stage
Bayberry knobse1
Outcome
secreted to the surface without cell disruptione1

Verbatim

e0

“Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–37
e1

“microscopic examination revealed that the fruit tissue that produces and secretes wax (Bayberry knobs) is fully developed before wax accumulates and that wax is secreted to the surface without cell disruption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–841

Title

How did nature engineer the highest surface lipid accumulation among plants? Exceptional expression of acyl-lipid-associated genes for the assembly of extracellular triacylglycerol by Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits Molecular and cell biology of lipids

Jeffrey P. Simpson; Nicholas A. Thrower; John B. Ohlrogge Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2016

Other claims from this paper (6)

Platanus occidentalis 2

Show all 2 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The male stylet (styler) length is 22.0 mum, with rounded knobs set off from the shaft.

Taxon
American sycamorePlatanus occidentalise0
Outcome
styler lengthe3
Value
22.0 mume3

Verbatim

e0

“Meloidogyne platani n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from roots of American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis, in Virginia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147
e3

“The styler length is 22.0 mum, and the stylet knobs are rounded and set off from the shaft”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–647

Title

Meloidogyne platani n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitizing American Sycamore.

H Hirschmann PubMed 1982

Other claims from this paper (13)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The female stylet is 16.5 mum long with large, rounded knobs set off from the shaft.

Taxon
American sycamorePlatanus occidentalise0
Outcome
stylet of femalese2
Value
16.5 mume2

Verbatim

e0

“Meloidogyne platani n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from roots of American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis, in Virginia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147
e2

“The stylet of females is 16.5 mum long with large, rounded stylet knobs set off from the shaft”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 411–505

Title

Meloidogyne platani n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitizing American Sycamore.

H Hirschmann PubMed 1982

Other claims from this paper (13)

Meloidogyne 1

Show all 1 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The female excretory pore is anterior to the stylet knobs and the excretory pore distance/stylet length ratio is extremely small (0.5 to 0.8).

Taxon
root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee0
Outcome
excretory pore distance from anterior end/length of stylet ratioe1
Value
0.5 to 0.8e1
Qualifier
extremely smalle1
Comparator
other Meloidogyne spp.e0

Verbatim

e0

“The new root-knot nematode can be distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1029–1104
e1

“female excretory pore anterior to the level of stylet knobs, excretory pore distance from anterior end/length of stylet ratio extremely small (0.5 to 0.8)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1327–1481

Title

A New Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne baetica n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), Parasitizing Wild Olive in Southern Spain

Pablo Castillo; Nicola Vovlas; Sergei Subbotin; et al. Phytopathology 2003. doi:10.1094/phyto.2003.93.9.1093

Other claims from this paper (11)

Quercus robur 1

Show all 1 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oak mantle cystidia are conically shaped with knobs at their tips and thickened cell walls.

Taxon
English oak (Quercus robur L.)Quercus robure0
Outcome
conically shaped cellse2
Qualifier
knobs at their tips and thickened cell wallse2

Verbatim

e0

“ectomycorrhizal short roots of English oak (Quercus robur L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 142–203
e2

“These conically shaped cells have knobs at their tips and thickened cell walls”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–383

Title

Light and transmission electron microscopy of English oak ectomycorrhizal short roots

H. H. Edwards; R. V. Gessner Canadian Journal of Botany 1984. doi:10.1139/b84-180

Other claims from this paper (12)

Nicotiana 1

Show all 1 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs are most frequently located near the centromere, the nucleolar organizer and the chromosome ends.

Taxon
NicotianaNicotianae0
Outcome
knobse5
Qualifier
most frequently located near the centromere, the nucleolar organizer, and the ends of the chromosomese5

Verbatim

e0

“A survey of the species of the genus Nicotiana was carried out to determine the distribution and the cytological characteristics of heterochromatin in this genus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–161
e5

“These knobs are most frequently located near the centromere, the nucleolar organizer, and the ends of the chromosomes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 318–435

Title

THE DISTRIBUTION OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE GENUS NICOTIANA (SOLANACEAE)

James F. Merritt American Journal of Botany 1974. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1974.tb14038.x

Other claims from this paper (5)

Larix decidua 1

Show all 1 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aeciospores are globose to subglobose and verrucose with cog-like knobs superficially embedded in the secondary cell wall.

Taxon
Larix deciduaLarix deciduae0
Interactor
Melampsora larici‐populinae0pathogen
Outcome
Aeciosporese6
Qualifier
globose to subgtobose and verrucosee6

Verbatim

e0

“heteroecious rusts Melampsora larici‐populina Kleb. and M. epitea Thüem var. epitea on Larix decidua Mill”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 129–234
e6

“Aeciospores were globose to subgtobose and verrucose with cog‐like knobs superficially embedded in the secondary cell wall”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 662–784

Title

Ultrastructural studies of the spermatial and aecial stages of Melampsora larici‐populina and Melampsora epitea on Larix decidua

A. G. Spiers; D. H. Hopcroft New Zealand Journal of Botany 1985. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1985.10425312

Other claims from this paper (6)

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