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“decrease in relative water content”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

UV-B+NaCl decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Xiaoyan-926e0
Treatment: addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Outcome: contents of photosynthetic pigmentse2
Direction: decreasee2
Comparator: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1

Verbatim

e0
“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 556–623

e1
“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 625–853

e2
“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1245–1609

Title

Physiological and ecological effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on wheat seedling under NaCl stress condition

Cheng Liu Xibei zhiwu xuebao 2004

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect UV-B decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B+NaCl decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B+NaCl decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B radiation increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect NaCl increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect UV-B combined with NaCl increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect Flavone contents increased under all stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect Activities of SOD, CAT and POD increased under all stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect UV-B reduced proline content in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect NaCl enhanced proline content in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect UV-B combined with NaCl enhanced proline content more than NaCl alone.
Association Most parameters did not differ significantly between NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments.
Mechanism UV-B did not obviously strengthen NaCl-induced inhibition of wheat seedlings, possibly because NaCl-induced flavone and proline enhancement offsets it.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding Gelrite instead of Agar decreased transpiration rate of walnut explants during desiccation.

Taxon: walnute0
Treatment: Gelritee0
Outcome: transpiration rate (E)e3
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: Agare0

Verbatim

e0
“Compared with the medium containing Agar, adding Gelrite to the DKW medium caused a decrease in E and an increase in relative leaf water content (RWC) of the walnut explant's leaves during desiccation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1396

e1
“Gelrite induced generation of more closed stomata leading to a reduction in E and increase in RWC during desiccation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1398–1514

e3
“transpiration rate (E), and desiccation responses of in vitro walnut explants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 678–755

Title

Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium

Zeinab Asayesh; Sasan Aliniaeifard; Kourosh Vahdati DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2021. doi:10.22034/jon.2021.1922749.1105

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ascorbic acid at 10 micromolar increased chlorophyll a of cress by 0.075 relative to control.

Taxon: Lepidium sativum L.Lepidium sativumt0
Treatment: 10 micromolar ascorbic acide2
Outcome: chlorophyll ae0
Direction: increasede2
Value: 0.075e2
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

t0
“Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–48

e0
“Irrigation based on 60% of field capacity as compared with that of 100% F.C. reduced relative water content, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and dry matter weight by 20.89, 0.06, 0,034, 0.04 and 57.8 percent respectively and a 20% increase in canopy temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 842–1104

e2
“applying of 10 micromolar ascorbic acid relative to control increased 12.22, 0.075, 0.15, 0.05 and 57.8 percent on traits mentioned above respectively and a 3% decrease in canopy temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1112–1302

Title

Study some of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Physiological Traits at Levels of Irrigation and Ascorbic Acid

Zohre Akbari; M. Fazeli Rostampour; Leyla Zeya Ebrahimi; et al. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2017

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Irrigation at 60% of field capacity reduced relative water content of cress by 20.89 compared with 100% field capacity.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 60% of field capacity reduced chlorophyll a of cress by 0.06 compared with 100% field capacity.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 60% of field capacity reduced chlorophyll b of cress by 0,034 compared with 100% field capacity.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 60% of field capacity reduced carotenoids of cress by 0.04 compared with 100% field capacity.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 60% of field capacity reduced dry matter weight of cress by 57.8 percent compared with 100% field capacity.
Intervention effect Irrigation at 60% of field capacity increased canopy temperature of cress by 20% compared with 100% field capacity.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 10 micromolar increased relative water content of cress by 12.22 relative to control.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 10 micromolar increased chlorophyll b of cress by 0.15 relative to control.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 10 micromolar increased carotenoids of cress by 0.05 relative to control.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 10 micromolar increased dry matter weight of cress by 57.8 percent relative to control.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 10 micromolar decreased canopy temperature of cress by 3% relative to control.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid applied at 100% field capacity had no effect on cress traits, except chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 100% field capacity was effective on chlorophyll b and carotenoids contents of cress.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 60 and 80% field capacity increased relative water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of cress.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid at 60 and 80% field capacity increased carotenoids and dry matter of cress.
Intervention effect Ten micromolar ascorbic acid increased dry matter of cress significantly under 60% and 80% field capacity irrigation.
Intervention effect Ascorbic acid could not reduce the negative impacts of a 20% decrease in irrigation on cress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

UV-B decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Xiaoyan-926e0
Treatment: exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Outcome: net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductancee2
Direction: decreasee2
Comparator: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1

Verbatim

e0
“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 556–623

e1
“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 625–853

e2
“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1245–1609

Title

Physiological and ecological effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on wheat seedling under NaCl stress condition

Cheng Liu Xibei zhiwu xuebao 2004

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect UV-B decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B+NaCl decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B+NaCl decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B+NaCl decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
Intervention effect UV-B radiation increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect NaCl increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect UV-B combined with NaCl increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect Flavone contents increased under all stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect Activities of SOD, CAT and POD increased under all stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect UV-B reduced proline content in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect NaCl enhanced proline content in wheat seedlings.
Intervention effect UV-B combined with NaCl enhanced proline content more than NaCl alone.
Association Most parameters did not differ significantly between NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments.
Mechanism UV-B did not obviously strengthen NaCl-induced inhibition of wheat seedlings, possibly because NaCl-induced flavone and proline enhancement offsets it.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: grain yielde3
Direction: decreasee3
Value: 46.4%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: seed numbere3
Direction: decreasee3
Value: 30.3%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: biological yielde3
Direction: decreasee3
Value: 45.9%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: chlorophyll ae3
Direction: decreasee3
Value: 31.8%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: chlorophyll be3
Direction: decreasee3
Value: 28.1%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromium at 100 mg/kg in soil decreased total chlorophyll concentrations of chili by 11.73%, compared with the control.

Taxon: chilit0
Treatment: Cr levels in soile2
Outcome: total chlorophyll concentrationse2
Direction: decreasee2
Value: 11.73e2
Qualifier: at 100e2
Comparator: controle2
Setting: greenhousee0

Verbatim

t0
“chili”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–87

e0
“A greenhouse trail was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–405

e2
“Maximum decrease in relative water content (20.04 and 27.21%) and total chlorophyll concentrations (11.73 and 20.57%) and increased in electrolyte leakage (59.14 and 130.52%) was observed at 100 and 200 mg kg −1 of Cr levels in soil in comparison with the control, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–1162

Title

Effect of selenium and compost on physiological, biochemical, and productivity of chili under chromium stress

Fahad Ahmad; Sabiha Javied; Kamran Ashraf; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95012-y

Other claims from this paper (12)

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“decrease in relative water content”

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