Abstract
The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer has been well documented, so ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280～320 nm) reaching the earth surface has increased since 1970s. Although extensive studies were done about biological and ecological effects of enhanced UV-B radiation, little was known about the interactive effects of UV-B radiation and NaCl stress on plants. In this paper, the interactive effects of UV-B radiation (0.4 w·m~(-2)) and NaCl stress (0.8%) on growth, photosynthesis, water status, flavones and activities of antioxidative enzymes in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied. Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl). The addition of NaCl was started after 3 days of seedling growth, the UV-B radiation was started to supply in photoperiod after 10 days of seedling growth. The seedlings were grown at 30/25℃ (day and night) and 75% relative humidity with a 11 h photoperiod under fluorescent white light (300～350 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)) in a greenhouse. All measurements were made at 20 day of seedling growth. The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA). However there were not significant differences in most of above parameters between NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments (not including carotenoid content). Contents of flavones and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) increased obviously under all stress conditions, but the increasing was mostly induced by UV-B+NaCl treatment. Proline content was reduced by UV-B treatment and enhanced by NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments, but the effect of UV-B+NaCl treatment was bigger than that of NaCl treatment. These results indicated that UV-B radiation did not obviously strengthen the inhibition of wheat seedlings induced by NaCl stress, this may be related to the results that NaCl stress induced the enhancement of contents of flavone and proline and activities of SOD, POD and CAT in wheat seedlings.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, water contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductancee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- contents of photosynthetic pigmentse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCle1
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, water contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCle1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductancee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCle1
- Outcome
- contents of photosynthetic pigmentse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B+NaCl decreased plant height, biomass, water content of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, water contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B+NaCl decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductancee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B+NaCl decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- contents of photosynthetic pigmentse2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCle1
- Outcome
- relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B combined with NaCl increased relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e2
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e2“The results showed that treatments of UV-B, NaCl and UV-B+NaCl all resulted into a decrease in plant height, biomass, water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and contents of photosynthetic pigments, and into an increase in relative leakage ratio and lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavone contents increased under all stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- all stress conditionse3
- Outcome
- Contents of flavonese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- mostly induced by UV-B+NaCl treatmente3
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e3“Contents of flavones and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) increased obviously under all stress conditions, but the increasing was mostly induced by UV-B+NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of SOD, CAT and POD increased under all stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- all stress conditionse3
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- mostly induced by UV-B+NaCl treatmente3
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e3“Contents of flavones and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) increased obviously under all stress conditions, but the increasing was mostly induced by UV-B+NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced proline content in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente4
- Outcome
- Proline contente4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e4“Proline content was reduced by UV-B treatment and enhanced by NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments, but the effect of UV-B+NaCl treatment was bigger than that of NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl enhanced proline content in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCle1
- Outcome
- Proline contente4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e4“Proline content was reduced by UV-B treatment and enhanced by NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments, but the effect of UV-B+NaCl treatment was bigger than that of NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B combined with NaCl enhanced proline content more than NaCl alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- Proline contente4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- the effect of UV-B+NaCl treatment was bigger than that of NaCl treatmente4
- Comparator
- addition of NaCle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e4“Proline content was reduced by UV-B treatment and enhanced by NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments, but the effect of UV-B+NaCl treatment was bigger than that of NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Most parameters did not differ significantly between NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan-926e0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- most of above parameterse6
- Comparator
- addition of NaCle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e1“Four treatments were included in the experiment: no addition of NaCl and no exposure to UV-B radiation (CK), addition of NaCl (NaCl), exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B), addition of NaCl and exposure to UV-B radiation (UV-B+NaCl)”
e6“However there were not significant differences in most of above parameters between NaCl and UV-B+NaCl treatments (not including carotenoid content)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B did not obviously strengthen NaCl-induced inhibition of wheat seedlings, possibly because NaCl-induced flavone and proline enhancement offsets it.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- inhibition of wheat seedlings induced by NaCl stresse5
- Qualifier
- NaCl stress induced the enhancement of contents of flavone and prolinee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan-926) seedlings were studied”
e5“UV-B radiation did not obviously strengthen the inhibition of wheat seedlings induced by NaCl stress, this may be related to the results that NaCl stress induced the enhancement of contents of flavone and proline and activities of SOD, POD and CAT in wheat seedlings”
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