Abstract
ABSTRACT To investigate the response of wheat to drought stress under different plantation systems, two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran. The main plot was three different plantation systems (flat planting, 60, and 120 cm raised beds) and the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration. Raised bed planting increased grain yield by 24% compared to flat cultivation. This increase for biological yield was about 17%, the number of ears was 7%, and the number of seeds per ear was 21%. Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%). Water use efficiency was increased in raised bed planting and deficit irrigation treatments. The decrease in yield due to drought stress was moderated to some extent in the raised bed system and therefore cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under conditions similar to the experimental area, especially under water shortage conditions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 24%e1
- Comparator
- flat cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Raised bed planting increased grain yield by 24% compared to flat cultivation. This increase for biological yield was about 17%, the number of ears was 7%, and the number of seeds per ear was 21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 17%e1
- Comparator
- flat cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Raised bed planting increased grain yield by 24% compared to flat cultivation. This increase for biological yield was about 17%, the number of ears was 7%, and the number of seeds per ear was 21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge1
- Outcome
- number of earse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 7%e1
- Comparator
- flat cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Raised bed planting increased grain yield by 24% compared to flat cultivation. This increase for biological yield was about 17%, the number of ears was 7%, and the number of seeds per ear was 21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Raised bed plantinge1
- Outcome
- number of seeds per eare1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 21%e1
- Comparator
- flat cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Raised bed planting increased grain yield by 24% compared to flat cultivation. This increase for biological yield was about 17%, the number of ears was 7%, and the number of seeds per ear was 21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 46.4%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- number of earse3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 20.5%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- seed numbere3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 30.3%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- biological yielde3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 45.9%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 31.8%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 28.1%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- relative water contente3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 5.3%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- proline contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 24.3%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse3
- Outcome
- ion leakagee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 147.3%e3
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Arsanjan, Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
e2“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
e3“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- raised bed plantinge4
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e4“Water use efficiency was increased in raised bed planting and deficit irrigation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e4“Water use efficiency was increased in raised bed planting and deficit irrigation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- raised bed systeme5
- Outcome
- decrease in yield due to drought stresse5
- Direction
- moderatede5
- Qualifier
- to some extente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e5“The decrease in yield due to drought stress was moderated to some extent in the raised bed system”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- cultivation on raised bedse6
- Outcome
- suitable planting patterne6
- Qualifier
- to improve yield and WUEe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under conditions similar to the experimental area, especially under water shortage conditions”
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