Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat and salinity stress changed electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: HS and SSe0
Outcome: electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) productione0
Direction: increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“This study’s findings reveal that HS and SS caused a significant decrease in the growth and yield of wheat by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation; and decreasing relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA), as well as nutrient upta…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–1270

Title

Silicon Induces Heat and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat by Increasing Antioxidant Activities, Photosynthetic Activity, Nutrient Homeostasis, and Osmo-Protectant Synthesis

Ansa Aouz; Imran Khan; Muhammad Bilal Chattha; et al. Plants 2023. doi:10.3390/plants12142606

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed growth and yield.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed total soluble proteins (TSP), and free amino acids (FAA).
Intervention effect Heat and salinity stress changed nutrient uptake (potassium, K; calcium, Ca; and magnesium, Mg).
Intervention effect Silicon application changed growth and yield under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, RWC, antioxidant activity under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed TSP, FAA accumulation, and nutrient uptake (Ca, K, and Mg) under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2 under stress.
Intervention effect Silicon application changed uptake of Na+ and Cl− under stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Two mM putrescine increased leaf potassium and potassium-to-sodium ratio.

Taxon: Zinnia elegansZinnia eleganse0 e1 e2 e3
Treatment: 2 mM PUT treatmente0 e1 e2 e3
Outcome: leaf potassium (K + ) content, and K + /Na + ratioe0 e1 e2 e3
Direction: increasinge0 e1 e2 e3
Comparator: untreated control plantse0 e1 e2 e3

Verbatim

e0
“2 mM PUT treatment also had the greatest effect on increasing fresh and dry biomass, number and surface area of leaves, flower diameter, internodal length, leaf relative water content, protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, leaf potassium (K + ) content, and K + /Na + ratio in treated plants compared to untreated control plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 836–1185

e1
“Zinnia elegans “State Fair” flowers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–218

e2
“PUT treatments effectively recovered the decrease in plant height and flower quality compared to the not-treated plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 527–646

e3
“treated plants compared to untreated control plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1134–1185

Title

Exogenous putrescine application imparts salt stress-induced oxidative stress tolerance via regulating antioxidant activity, potassium uptake, and abscisic acid to gibberellin ratio in Zinnia flowers

Meisam Mohammadi; Delaram Nezamdoost; Fatemeh Khosravi Far; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2024. doi:10.1186/s12870-024-05560-0

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Increasing salinity raised stress index in zinnia.
Intervention effect Increasing salinity lowered zinnia height.
Intervention effect Putrescine recovered plant height and flower quality relative to untreated plants.
Intervention effect At 50 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine reduced stress index by 28%.
Intervention effect At 100 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine reduced stress index by 35%.
Intervention effect At 50 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine raised height by 20%.
Intervention effect At 100 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine raised height by 27%.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine increased biomass and leaf number relative to control.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine increased flower diameter, internodal length, and leaf water content.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine increased leaf protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine decreased electrolyte leakage, sodium, and hydrogen peroxide.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine decreased malondialdehyde and proline.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased CAT, POD, and SOD activity under salinity.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased PAL activity under salinity.
Intervention effect Putrescine reduced ABA content under salinity.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased gibberellin content under salinity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Agar and Gelrite caused no considerable changes in morpho-physiological characteristics of walnut explants.

Taxon: walnute0
Treatment: Agar or Gelritee2
Outcome: morpho-physiological characteristicse2
Direction: no considerable changese2
Comparator: Agare0

Verbatim

e2
“Analysis of results indicated no considerable changes in the morpho-physiological characteristics of explants grown in DKW medium containing Agar or Gelrite gelling agents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1023–1194

e0
“Compared with the medium containing Agar, adding Gelrite to the DKW medium caused a decrease in E and an increase in relative leaf water content (RWC) of the walnut explant's leaves during desiccation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1396

Title

Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium

Zeinab Asayesh; Sasan Aliniaeifard; Kourosh Vahdati DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2021. doi:10.22034/jon.2021.1922749.1105

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Adding Gelrite instead of Agar decreased transpiration rate of walnut explants during desiccation.
Intervention effect Adding Gelrite instead of Agar increased relative leaf water content of walnut explants during desiccation.
Mechanism Gelrite induced more closed stomata in walnut explants, which reduced transpiration.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromium at 100 mg/kg in soil increased electrolyte leakage of chili by 59.14%, compared with the control.

Taxon: chilit0
Treatment: Cr levels in soile2
Outcome: electrolyte leakagee2
Direction: increasede2
Value: 59.14e2
Qualifier: at 100e2
Comparator: controle2
Setting: greenhousee0

Verbatim

t0
“chili”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–87

e0
“A greenhouse trail was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–405

e2
“Maximum decrease in relative water content (20.04 and 27.21%) and total chlorophyll concentrations (11.73 and 20.57%) and increased in electrolyte leakage (59.14 and 130.52%) was observed at 100 and 200 mg kg −1 of Cr levels in soil in comparison with the control, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–1162

Title

Effect of selenium and compost on physiological, biochemical, and productivity of chili under chromium stress

Fahad Ahmad; Sabiha Javied; Kamran Ashraf; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95012-y

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromium at 200 mg/kg in soil increased electrolyte leakage of chili by 130.52%, compared with the control.

Taxon: chilit0
Treatment: Cr levels in soile2
Outcome: electrolyte leakagee2
Direction: increasede2
Value: 130.52%e2
Qualifier: and 200e2
Comparator: controle2
Setting: greenhousee0

Verbatim

t0
“chili”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–87

e0
“A greenhouse trail was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–405

e2
“Maximum decrease in relative water content (20.04 and 27.21%) and total chlorophyll concentrations (11.73 and 20.57%) and increased in electrolyte leakage (59.14 and 130.52%) was observed at 100 and 200 mg kg −1 of Cr levels in soil in comparison with the control, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–1162

Title

Effect of selenium and compost on physiological, biochemical, and productivity of chili under chromium stress

Fahad Ahmad; Sabiha Javied; Kamran Ashraf; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95012-y

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: ion leakagee3
Direction: increasede3
Value: 147.3%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Two mM putrescine increased leaf protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids.

Taxon: Zinnia elegansZinnia eleganse0 e1 e2 e3
Treatment: 2 mM PUT treatmente0 e1 e2 e3
Outcome: protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoidse0 e1 e2 e3
Direction: increasinge0 e1 e2 e3
Comparator: untreated control plantse0 e1 e2 e3

Verbatim

e0
“2 mM PUT treatment also had the greatest effect on increasing fresh and dry biomass, number and surface area of leaves, flower diameter, internodal length, leaf relative water content, protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, leaf potassium (K + ) content, and K + /Na + ratio in treated plants compared to untreated control plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 836–1185

e1
“Zinnia elegans “State Fair” flowers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–218

e2
“PUT treatments effectively recovered the decrease in plant height and flower quality compared to the not-treated plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 527–646

e3
“treated plants compared to untreated control plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1134–1185

Title

Exogenous putrescine application imparts salt stress-induced oxidative stress tolerance via regulating antioxidant activity, potassium uptake, and abscisic acid to gibberellin ratio in Zinnia flowers

Meisam Mohammadi; Delaram Nezamdoost; Fatemeh Khosravi Far; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2024. doi:10.1186/s12870-024-05560-0

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Increasing salinity raised stress index in zinnia.
Intervention effect Increasing salinity lowered zinnia height.
Intervention effect Putrescine recovered plant height and flower quality relative to untreated plants.
Intervention effect At 50 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine reduced stress index by 28%.
Intervention effect At 100 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine reduced stress index by 35%.
Intervention effect At 50 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine raised height by 20%.
Intervention effect At 100 mM salt, 2 mM putrescine raised height by 27%.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine increased biomass and leaf number relative to control.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine increased flower diameter, internodal length, and leaf water content.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine increased leaf potassium and potassium-to-sodium ratio.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine decreased electrolyte leakage, sodium, and hydrogen peroxide.
Intervention effect Two mM putrescine decreased malondialdehyde and proline.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased CAT, POD, and SOD activity under salinity.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased PAL activity under salinity.
Intervention effect Putrescine reduced ABA content under salinity.
Intervention effect Putrescine increased gibberellin content under salinity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Osmotic adjustment capacity was greater in younger leaves and stems of IP8210 than of IP8949 under drought.

Taxon: Pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
Material: IP8210e3
Organ / stage: younger leaves and stemse3
Treatment: severe drought treatmente1
Outcome: capacity of osmotic adjustment (OA)e3
Direction: greatere3
Comparator: IP8949e3

Verbatim

e0
“Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum , is capable of adapting to severely dry environmental conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–98

e1
“When these selected accessions were stressed with a severe drought treatment, the leaves of IP8210 exhibited upright folding, a response that effectively reduces the evaporative surface area of the canopy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 389–593

e3
“In comparison with IP8949, the capacity of osmotic adjustment (OA) was greater in both younger leaves and stems of IP8210, while their decrease in relative water content was different”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 702–885

Title

Contribution of inorganic components to osmotic adjustment and leaf folding for drought tolerance in pearl millet

Masayuki Kusaka; Masaru Ohta; Tatsuhito Fujimura Physiologia Plantarum 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00578.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Leaves of the tolerant accession IP8210 exhibited upright folding under severe drought.
Intervention effect Leaves of the susceptible accession IP8949 wilted under drought stress.
Intervention effect The decrease in relative water content under drought differed between IP8210 and IP8949.
Intervention effect IP8210 accumulated higher NO3– concentrations than IP8949 under drought stress.
Observation Sucrose, glucose, quaternary ammonium compounds and amino acids including proline accumulated in pearl millet under drought.
Intervention effect IP8210 accumulated more amino acids than IP8949 under drought, mainly asparagine and proline.
Intervention effect IP8949 accumulated more soluble sugars than IP8210 under drought.
Mechanism K+ and NO3– may be the major components contributing to osmotic regulation in pearl millet.
Mechanism Sugars and amino acids may function as cytoprotectants in pearl millet under drought.
Mechanism Leaf folding, osmotic adjustment and NO3– and amino acid accumulation contribute to superior drought tolerance of IP8210 in pearl millet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under high temperature stress, tolerant genotypes had higher activity of SOD, APX and GR than susceptible genotypes.

Taxon: chickpea genotypesCicer arietinume1
Material: Pusa-1103 and BGD-72e2
Treatment: HT stresse2
Outcome: activity of SOD, APX, GRe2
Direction: highere2
Comparator: susceptible genotypes Pusa-256 and RSG-991e2

Verbatim

e1
“In all chickpea genotypes high temperature stress increased membrane injury index (MII), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), malic acid and slightly decreased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoid contents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 296–599

e2
“Under the HT stress, the tolerant genotypes Pusa-1103 and BGD-72 exhibited higher RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoid, activity of SOD, APX, GR and, and less decrease in MII as compared to susceptible genotypes Pusa-256 and RSG-991”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–828

Title

Protective Role Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes Under High Temperature Stress

Singh, Manish Kumar European Journal of Biological Research 2018. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1116379

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conference pear leaves showed a sharp increase in electrolyte leakage to about 36% after a short drying period

Taxon: pearPyrus communise4
Material: Conferencee1
Treatment: artificially drying freshly harvested pear leavese4
Outcome: electrolyte leakagee2
Direction: sharp increasee2
Value: ~36 %e2
Qualifier: After a short drying periode2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“It was found that the widespread European variety Conference was the most susceptible to the effects of artificial stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 934–1055

e2
“After a short drying period, this variety was characterized by a sharp increase in the electrolyte leakage to ~36 % on the background of a significant decrease in the relative water content in the leaves (71–73 %), due to the development of oxidative processes, leading to a violation of the integrity of cell membranes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1376

e4
“An experiment on artificially drying freshly harvested pear leaves at constant room temperature was conducted to amplify the negative effects of summer stressors”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 383–544

Title

Variability of the traits of technological quality of fiber flax varieties flax straw

T. A. Vinogradova; T. A. Kudryashova; N. N. Kozyakova Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 2023. doi:10.26898/0370-8799-2023-7-5

Other claims from this paper (5)

“decrease in relative water content”

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