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“knobs”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.

Taxon: theA. japonicae0
Treatment: antibiotics or by heat treatmente0
Outcome: knobs are never formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“theA. japonica which is closely affined to them and non-leaf-nodular plant, knobs are never formed either by antibiotics or by heat treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–477

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

K treatments showed no consistent impacts on measured potato tuber quality traits.

Taxon: Mesa Russet potatoese1
Treatment: treatmente0
Outcome: tuber quality (tuber dry weight, specific gravity, cracks, knobs, and hollow heart)e0
Direction: no consistente0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Measurements of tuber quality (tuber dry weight, specific gravity, cracks, knobs, and hollow heart) and plant growth (tuber bulking, aboveground biomass, stem number, and tuber number) showed no consistent treatment impacts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1003

e1
“production of Mesa Russet potatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–277

Title

Supplemental Application of Potassium Acetate Increased Yield of Mesa Russet Potatoes in Sandy Loam Soil with High Potassium Levels

Salah M. Abdelsalam; Samuel YC Essah; Jessica G. Davis American Journal of Potato Research 2025. doi:10.1007/s12230-025-10022-w

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Pre-plant K acetate increased total tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect Foliar K acetate increased total tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect Pre-plant K acetate increased marketable tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect Foliar K acetate increased marketable tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect K treatments showed no consistent impacts on measured potato growth traits.
Observation The authors conclude that supplemental K acetate improves Mesa Russet tuber yield.
Recommendation The authors call for research on the mechanism of K acetate yield gains.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

K treatments showed no consistent impacts on measured potato growth traits.

Taxon: Mesa Russet potatoese1
Treatment: treatmente0
Outcome: plant growth (tuber bulking, aboveground biomass, stem number, and tuber number)e0
Direction: no consistente0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Measurements of tuber quality (tuber dry weight, specific gravity, cracks, knobs, and hollow heart) and plant growth (tuber bulking, aboveground biomass, stem number, and tuber number) showed no consistent treatment impacts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1003

e1
“production of Mesa Russet potatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–277

Title

Supplemental Application of Potassium Acetate Increased Yield of Mesa Russet Potatoes in Sandy Loam Soil with High Potassium Levels

Salah M. Abdelsalam; Samuel YC Essah; Jessica G. Davis American Journal of Potato Research 2025. doi:10.1007/s12230-025-10022-w

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Pre-plant K acetate increased total tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect Foliar K acetate increased total tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect Pre-plant K acetate increased marketable tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect Foliar K acetate increased marketable tuber yield relative to pre-plant KCl in both years.
Intervention effect K treatments showed no consistent impacts on measured potato tuber quality traits.
Observation The authors conclude that supplemental K acetate improves Mesa Russet tuber yield.
Recommendation The authors call for research on the mechanism of K acetate yield gains.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: The presence of Ab10e3
Gene: Ab10e3
Outcome: rate of normal chromosome movemente3
Direction: does not affecte3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 83–243

e3
“The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement but propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–912

Title

Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

Hong-Guo Yu; Evelyn N. Hiatt; Annette Chan; et al. The Journal of Cell Biology 1997. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.831

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase in maize meiosis.
Observation Normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 micron/min during mid-anaphase.
Intervention effect Ab10 propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 micron/min.
Intervention effect Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by a linked neocentromere.
Observation Unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules.
Observation Neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size.
Mechanism Microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility.
Mechanism Neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by minus end-directed motor proteins.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CRISPR mutagenesis of Trkin on Ab10 does not improve meiotic drive or fitness in maize.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: CRISPR mutagenesise3
Gene: Trkine4
Outcome: drive or fitnesse4
Direction: does not improvee4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“In maize, there are 2 meiotic drive systems that target large heterochromatic knobs composed of tandem repeats known as knob180 and TR-1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–136

e3
“We also carried out CRISPR mutagenesis to test the role of Trkin on Ab10 and K10L2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–966

e4
“The data indicate that the Trkin gene on Ab10 does not improve drive or fitness”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 968–1047

Title

Conflicting Kinesin-14s in a single chromosomal drive haplotype

Meghan J Brady; Anjali Gupta; Jonathan I Gent; et al. Genetics 2025. doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf091

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation The K10L2 haplotype has strong homology to an internal portion of the Ab10 haplotype.
Intervention effect Trkin on Ab10 has a weak deleterious effect when paired with a normal chromosome 10 in maize.
Intervention effect The deleterious effect of Ab10 is more severe when Ab10 is paired with K10L2 in maize.
Intervention effect Functional Trkin on either chromosome nearly abolishes Ab10 drive in maize.
Observation Modeling suggests that Trkin is unlikely to persist on Ab10.

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