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“decrease in density”

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Organism: Zea mays ✕

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher interspecies interaction intensity can decrease evaporation by increasing root length density of the intercropped crops

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: evaporatione7
Qualifier: by increasing the root length density of intercropping cropse7

Verbatim

e0
“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )–maize ( Zea mays ) intercropping system”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 278–345

e7
“Increasing interspecies interaction intensity can decrease evaporation by increasing the root length density of intercropping crops”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1483–1614

Title

Interspecies interaction intensity influences water consumption in wheat–maize intercropping by regulating root length density

Yifan Wang; Wen Yin; Falong Hu; et al. Crop Science 2021. doi:10.1002/csc2.20639

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Complete belowground interaction reduced evaporation during co-growth and independent maize growth, and so did increased maize plant density
Intervention effect Intercropped wheat inhibited maize root length density during the co-growth period
Intervention effect Maize root length density in W/M was 14% higher than in NW/M in 2014
Intervention effect Maize root length density in W/M was 45% higher than in NW/M in 2015
Intervention effect Maize root length density in W/M was 26% higher than in PW/M in 2014
Intervention effect Maize root length density in W/M was 119% higher than in PW/M in 2015
Association Evaporation and root length density of maize are negatively correlated
Intervention effect Grain yield of wheat was increased by the W/M2 treatment

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in bulk density with gypsum is attributed to a greater increase in porosity relative to 1,000-grain weight.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
Outcome: bulk densitye3
Qualifier: a greater increase in porosity in relation to weight of 1,000 grainse3

Verbatim

e2
“corn irrigated with increasing doses of gypsum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 459–505

e3
“the decrease in bulk density in function of the increase of gypsum doses is attributed to a greater increase in porosity in relation to weight of 1,000 grains”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1333–1491

Title

Productivity and physical properties of corn grains treated with different gypsum doses

Marques Vidal Vitor; Antonio Loureiro Soares Frederico; Batista Teixeira Marconi; et al. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2016. doi:10.5897/ajar2016.11468

Other claims from this paper (2)

Association Grain bulk density had a direct effect on corn grain productivity (path analysis).
Intervention effect Bulk density of corn grains decreased as gypsum doses increased.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The increase in grain weight and yield of summer maize resulted from the decrease in soil bulk density and the consequent increase in soil moisture, root number and grain-filling rate.

Taxon: summer maizeZea mayse6
Treatment: decrease in soil bulk densitye6
Outcome: increase in grain weight and yielde6

Verbatim

e1
“rotary tillage after subsoiling in the winter wheat season (RS) improves the grain-filling rate and yield of summer maize by decreasing soil bulk density, when compared with rotary tillage (R)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–469

e6
“The increase in grain weight and yield of summer maize resulted from the decrease in soil bulk density and a consequent increase in soil moisture, root number and grain-filling rate”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1127–1308

Title

Effects of winter wheat season tillage on soil properties and yield of summer maize

Yunqi WANG; Yinghua ZHANG; Zhimin WANG; et al. Plant Soil and Environment 2017. doi:10.17221/692/2016-pse

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Rotary tillage after subsoiling in the winter wheat season decreased soil bulk density in the summer maize season compared with rotary tillage.
Intervention effect Rotary tillage after subsoiling in the winter wheat season increased soil moisture in the summer maize season compared with rotary tillage.
Intervention effect Root number at the 8 collar stage was 22.4-35.3% greater under the RS treatment than under the R treatment.
Intervention effect Root number at the silking stage was 8.0-11.7% greater under the RS treatment than under the R treatment.
Intervention effect The RS treatment significantly enhanced the grain-filling rate and grain weight compared with the R treatment.
Intervention effect Yield under the RS treatment was 7.7 higher than under the R treatment.
Intervention effect Thousand grain weight under the RS treatment was 7.2 higher than under the R treatment.
Intervention effect Biomass under the RS treatment was 2.3 higher than under the R treatment.
Intervention effect Harvest index under the RS treatment was 5.3% higher than under the R treatment.
Association Thousand grain weight was correlated with soil bulk density and soil moisture after silking.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The gain in water use efficiency at high density under irrigation is attributed to higher transpiration efficiency and lower soil evaporation.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: high planting density under irrigated conditionse0
Outcome: water use efficiencye1
Qualifier: an increase in transpiration efficiency (TE) and a decrease in Ese>e0

Verbatim

e1
“water use efficiency (q) of maize crops”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 90–129

e0
“The increase in q at high planting density under irrigated conditions was due to an increase in transpiration efficiency (TE) and a decrease in Ese>”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1067–1215

Title

Water use of maize in response to planting density and irrigation

J. B.O. Ogola; T. R. Wheeler; P. M. Harris South African Journal of Plant and Soil 2005. doi:10.1080/02571862.2005.10634692

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Higher planting density increased maize water use efficiency by 24% under irrigation.
Intervention effect Higher planting density reduced maize water use efficiency by 17% under rainfed conditions.
Intervention effect At the highest plant population density, direct soil evaporation beneath the canopy (Esc) was 4% less, owing to a larger leaf canopy.
Intervention effect At the highest plant population density, transpiration (T) was 9% greater, owing to a larger leaf canopy.
Intervention effect Irrigation increased both soil evaporation (Esc) and transpiration (T) by 41 %.
Intervention effect Neither soil evaporation nor transpiration was affected by the interaction between population density and water regime.
Mechanism The fall in water use efficiency under rainfed conditions is attributed mainly to a decrease in transpiration efficiency.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At excessive density, insufficient source strength to meet sink demand limited further yield improvement.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: decrease in yielde0
Qualifier: insufficient source strength to meet the sink demand at too high densitiese0

Verbatim

e0
“The decrease in yield due to the insufficient source strength to meet the sink demand at too high densities was the reason that limited further improvement of the optimal planting density.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1211–1399

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–79

Title

Combination of suitable planting density and nitrogen rate for high yield maize and their source–sink relationship in Northwest China

Xuanyi Wu; Ling Tong; Shaozhong Kang; et al. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2023. doi:10.1002/jsfa.12602

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Increasing density significantly increased leaf area index.
Intervention effect Increasing density significantly increased grain yield.
Intervention effect Increasing density adversely affected ear traits.
Method / resource The Richards model fit maize dry matter accumulation dynamics well.
Intervention effect Increasing density increased population yield.
Intervention effect Increasing density limited individual plant development.
Intervention effect Increasing density ended the rapid dry matter accumulation period earlier.
Intervention effect Increasing density accelerated leaf senescence.
Intervention effect Appropriate nitrogen prolonged rapid dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Appropriate nitrogen increased 100-kernel weight.
Intervention effect Increasing density enhanced post-silking dry matter accumulation to a lesser extent.
Observation With increasing density, population source–sink balance shifted from sink to source limitation.
Observation Appropriate nitrogen helped realize yield potential at high density.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Non-stomatal factors were the main reason for the decrease of Pn in ZD958.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: decrease of Pne4
Qualifier: non-stomatal factorse4

Verbatim

t0
“Low-light Stress for Maize Hybrids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–76

e4
“non-stomatal factors was the main reasons for the decrease of Pn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 865–929

Title

Responses of Photosynthesis Characters to Low-light Stress for Maize Hybrids with Different Density Tolerances

LI Dong-me Yumi kexue 2013

Other claims from this paper (6)

Association The net photosynthetic rate of ZD958 was higher than that of DD90 under full sunlight.
Intervention effect Low light stress decreased apparent quantum yield and maximum photosynthetic rate of ZD958.
Intervention effect Low light stress decreased light saturation point and light compensation point of ZD958.
Intervention effect Low light stress decreased apparent quantum yield of DD90.
Intervention effect Under low light stress, Pmax, LSP and LCP of DD90 were higher than under full sunlight.
Mechanism The improvement of photosynthetic capacity in DD90 was through reducing heat dissipation of the photosynthetic process.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The fall in water use efficiency under rainfed conditions is attributed mainly to a decrease in transpiration efficiency.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: rainfed conditionse0
Outcome: water use efficiencye1
Qualifier: the predominant decrease in TEe0

Verbatim

e1
“water use efficiency (q) of maize crops”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 90–129

e0
“the decrease in q under rainfed conditions was as a result of the predominant decrease in TE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1222–1314

Title

Water use of maize in response to planting density and irrigation

J. B.O. Ogola; T. R. Wheeler; P. M. Harris South African Journal of Plant and Soil 2005. doi:10.1080/02571862.2005.10634692

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Higher planting density increased maize water use efficiency by 24% under irrigation.
Intervention effect Higher planting density reduced maize water use efficiency by 17% under rainfed conditions.
Intervention effect At the highest plant population density, direct soil evaporation beneath the canopy (Esc) was 4% less, owing to a larger leaf canopy.
Intervention effect At the highest plant population density, transpiration (T) was 9% greater, owing to a larger leaf canopy.
Intervention effect Irrigation increased both soil evaporation (Esc) and transpiration (T) by 41 %.
Intervention effect Neither soil evaporation nor transpiration was affected by the interaction between population density and water regime.
Mechanism The gain in water use efficiency at high density under irrigation is attributed to higher transpiration efficiency and lower soil evaporation.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors link manure-derived organic matter to better soil properties, especially lower bulk density.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Treatment: manure applicatione1
Outcome: better soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activitiese1
Direction: decreasee1

Verbatim

e0
“The relationship between corn yield and measured soil properties”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–771

e1
“improvement in soil organic matter (SOM) from manure application greatly and positively contributed to better soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities, especially decrease in ρb”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2319–2510

Title

Soil properties and corn (Zea mays L.) production under manure application combined with deep tillage management in solonetzic soils of Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Qing-feng MENG; Da-wei LI; Juan ZHANG; et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016. doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(15)61196-0

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Manure plus deep tillage increased corn yield relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Manure plus deep tillage improved soil properties relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Manure, deep tillage and plastic film produced 11 472 kg ha−1 corn yield in 2013, 38% above control.
Intervention effect Manure, deep tillage and plastic film produced 12 228 kg ha−1 corn yield in 2014, 43% above control.
Observation Factor analysis identified soil fertility, saline-alkaline and structural factors in both years.
Observation Manure and deep tillage distinguished treated from conventionally tilled soil properties.
Association Corn yield correlated positively with urease and available P.
Association Corn yield correlated negatively with pH, EC, ESP and bulk density.
Association Bulk density was the dominant yield factor by discriminant coefficient.
Mechanism The authors attribute yield gains mainly to improved soil structure, then reduced salinity and increased urease and available P.
Recommendation The authors recommend first improving soil structure for corn production.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decline in net assimilation rate during ear-filling at high density is attributed to mutual shading and increased specific leaf area.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: high planting densitye3
Outcome: net assimilation rates (NAR) during the ear-filling periode3
Qualifier: increase of mutual shading and specific leaf area (SLA)e3

Verbatim

t0
“maize for whole-plant silage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–70

e3
“It was due to rapid decrease of net assimilation rates (NAR) during the ear-filling period in high planting density causing increase of mutual shading and specific leaf area (SLA)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1111–1290

Title

Studies on the growth and productivity of maize for whole-plant silage in the north-marginal area, Nemuro district in Hokkaido. IV. Effects of planting density on dry-matter accumulation habits and yield.

Kenji KIRA; Kazue SHIRAI Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1987. doi:10.1626/jcs.56.491

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Top growth rate in the vegetative period increased as planting density increased.
Intervention effect Top growth rate in the ear-filling period decreased rapidly, reaching its minimum at the highest planting density of about 100,000 plants/ha.
Observation The optimum leaf area index during ear-filling, where maximum TGR occurred, was about 3.0 in all years.
Observation The planting density giving the optimum LAI of about 3.0 was 73,000 plants/ha.
Observation Maximum ear growth rate in the latter half of ear-filling was obtained at 60,000 to 80,000 plants/ha.
Intervention effect Ear growth rate decreased at densities higher than the optimum range.
Association The decline in ear growth rate at higher planting density was promoted in the cold years of 1980 and 1981.
Intervention effect Incidence of barren plants increased with increasing planting density.
Association Barren plant incidence exceeded 20% when net assimilation rate in the latter half of ear-filling fell below 2.0 g/m2/day.
Intervention effect Ear dry-matter yield was highest at the medium planting density.
Intervention effect Stover and total dry-matter yields increased with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Whole-plant dry-matter percentage did not differ significantly among planting densities in most years.
Intervention effect Ear/total ratio decreased with increasing planting density.
Intervention effect Maturity was delayed with increasing planting density.
Recommendation The optimum planting density for high yield and high quality of silage maize in the north-marginal area is about 70,000 to 75,000 plants/ha.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increased germination was attributed to reduced Fusarium moniliforme seed infection.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Interactor: Fusarium moniliforme ScheldFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
Outcome: laboratory germinatione0
Qualifier: decrease in the infection of seedse0

Verbatim

e0
“The increase in laboratory germination was observed due to a decrease in the infection of seeds of the lines by Fusarium moniliforme Scheld.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 841–981

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–90

Title

Influence of plant density and biological products on the formation of seed yield of maize lines under irrigation conditions

Tetiana Marchenko; Olena Piliarska; Dilfuza Kiyamova; et al. BIO Web of Conferences 2025. doi:10.1051/bioconf/202515101002

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Bio-gel increased leaf surface by 1.7 thousand m²/ha, or 5.3%.
Intervention effect Helafit combi increased leaf surface by 2.4 thousand m²/ha, or 7.5%.
Observation Photosynthetic potential increased by 5.1% compared to the Bio-gel treatment.
Observation Photosynthetic potential increased by 7.2% compared to the Helafit combi treatment.
Intervention effect Bio-gel increased laboratory seed germination by an average of 1.5%.
Intervention effect Helafit combi increased laboratory germination by 2.4%.
Observation The DK 281 parent line yielded a maximum 3.65 t/ha at 90 thousand plants/ha with Helafit combi.
Observation The DK 247 parent line yielded a maximum 4.89 t/ha at 80 thousand plants/ha with Helafit combi.
Observation The DK 411 parent line yielded a maximum 4.65 t/ha at 70 thousand plants/ha with Helafit combi.

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“decrease in density”

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