Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

JM-2 culture solution for 24 hours yielded 90% Albizzia julibrissin germination in two days.

Taxon: Albizzia julibrissint0
Treatment: microorganism culture solution (JM-2) for 24 hourse0
Outcome: germinatione0
Value: 90%e0
Qualifier: in two dayse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“However, submerging treatments in a nutrient medium or distilled water for 24 to 48 hours were proven effective with higher germination rates than control sample with no treatment. Herbs and plants widely used for the ecological restoration were selected for germination rate analysis under treatment of microorganisms to determine ideal treatment conditions and medium for enhanced germination rate. Albizzia julibrissi…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–2693

t0
“Albizzia julibrissin”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–57

Title

The Increase of Seeds Germination in Albizzia julibrissin, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata by Microbial Treatment

Go-Woon Cha; Young-Jin Hur; Tae‐Young Ahn Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 2008

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours shortened Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours did not increase Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rates.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment increased Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rate.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment enhanced Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism-treated Lespedeza cuneata seeds germinated less than untreated controls.
Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Distilled-water soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.

Taxon: Lespedeza cuneataLespedeza cuneatat0
Treatment: distilled watere0
Outcome: germination ratese0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: 24 to 48 hourse0
Comparator: control sample with no treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“However, submerging treatments in a nutrient medium or distilled water for 24 to 48 hours were proven effective with higher germination rates than control sample with no treatment. Herbs and plants widely used for the ecological restoration were selected for germination rate analysis under treatment of microorganisms to determine ideal treatment conditions and medium for enhanced germination rate. Albizzia julibrissi…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–2693

t0
“Lespedeza cuneata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 85–102

Title

The Increase of Seeds Germination in Albizzia julibrissin, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata by Microbial Treatment

Go-Woon Cha; Young-Jin Hur; Tae‐Young Ahn Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 2008

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect Distilled-water soaking shortened the germination period of Albizzia julibrissin.
Intervention effect JM-2 culture solution for 24 hours yielded 90% Albizzia julibrissin germination in two days.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours shortened Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours did not increase Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rates.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment increased Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination rate.
Intervention effect A 24-hour solution treatment enhanced Lespedeza cyrtobotrya germination period.
Intervention effect Microorganism-treated Lespedeza cuneata seeds germinated less than untreated controls.
Intervention effect Nutrient-medium soaking for 24 to 48 hours increased Lespedeza cuneata germination relative to untreated control.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heatinge5
Gene: ADPG-PPasee1
Outcome: ADPG-PPasee1
Direction: earliere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“ADPG-PPase and ADP-Glc starch synthase activities reached peak levels and starch concentration began rising earlier in apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1330–1463

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High PPF increased photosynthetic rate at enriched CO2.

Taxon: lettuceLactuca sativae2
Treatment: high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1e0
Outcome: photosynthetic rate (Pn)e0
Direction: increasese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1 gave further, substantial increases in growth, RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 423–570

e1
“high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1 gave further, substantial increases in growth, RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 423–570

t0
“Effects of CO2and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–120

e2
“Enrichment of CO2 to 46 mmol m-3 (1000 mm3 dm-3) at a moderate photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 450 micromoles m-2 s-1 stimulated fresh and dry weight gain of lettuce leaves 39% to 75% relative to plants at 16 mmol m-3 CO2 (350 mm3 dm-3).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–241

e3
“high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1 gave further, substantial increases in growth, RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a decrease in leaf area ratio (LAR), at 46 or 69 mmol m-3 (1000 or 1500 mm3 dm-3) CO2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 423–661

e4
“Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3) at high PPF increased leaf area and LAR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–830

Title

Effects of CO₂and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green'

SHARON L. KNIGHT; CARY A. MITCHELL Journal of Experimental Botany 1988. doi:10.1093/jxb/39.3.317

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf fresh weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf dry weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Observation Relative growth rate increased only in the first days of exponential growth.
Intervention effect CO2 above 46 mmol m−3 gave no further growth benefit at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect High PPF increased growth, RGR and NAR at 46 or 69 mmol m−3 CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF decreased leaf area ratio.
Intervention effect At high PPF, supraoptimal CO2 increased leaf area and LAR.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 decreased specific leaf weight, NAR and Pn.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 had no effect on organ dry weights or RGR compared with 69 mmol m−3 CO2.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under 20 cm stress, IAA secretion in the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings was increased compared with the 3 cm depth (average 3.73 and 0.63 ng g−1 FW).

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Organ / stage: mesocotyl and coleoptilee1
Treatment: 20 cm stresse1
Outcome: secretion of indole-3-acetic acide1
Direction: increasede1
Value: 3.73 and 0.63 ng g−1 FWe1
Comparator: normal seedling depth of 3 cme1

Verbatim

e0
“two maize inbred lines were treated with or without 5-HT at both sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–612

e1
“Compared to the normal seedling depth of 3 cm, the elongation of the mesocotyl (average elongation 3.70 cm) and coleoptile (average elongation 0.58 cm), secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; average increased 3.73 and 0.63 ng g−1 FW), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; average increased 1.95 and 0.63 μM g−1 FW) in the mesocotyl and coleoptile were increased under 20 cm stress, with a concomitant decrease in lignin synthe…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1294

Title

Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation

Xiaoqiang Zhao; Jiayao Li; Yining Niu; et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023. doi:10.3390/ijms242317061

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Switchgrass maintained higher growth than miscanthus under low radiation.

Taxon: switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
Material: Alamoe0
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: highere0
Qualifier: low radiation conditionse0
Comparator: miscanthuse0

Verbatim

e0
“The ability to attain the feedstock production goal in the USA for biofuel production is limited by available arable land, cool temperatures, and periods of low light intensity. This study investigates the effects of warm and cool temperatures growth conditions in a low light regime on the photosynthesis and growth of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus). Alamo switchgr…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1296

Title

Cool temperature effects on photosynthetic parameters of two biomass fuel feedstocks in a low light intensity environment

Jackson LB Mitchell; Matthew Halter; C. Neal Stewart Jr.; et al. Biofuels 2014. doi:10.1080/17597269.2014.1002993

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass growth relative to warm conditions.
Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass mean light saturated photosynthetic rate relative to warm conditions.
Observation Alamo switchgrass did not acclimate to low light.
Observation Giant miscanthus photosynthesis acclimated to low light.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus quantum requirement.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus light saturated photosynthetic rates.
Observation Giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis were more tolerant of cool temperature than switchgrass.
Intervention effect Low radiation severely limited giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Giant miscanthus photosynthesis acclimated to low light.

Taxon: giant miscanthuse0
Outcome: photosynthesis of giant miscanthus acclimated to low light conditionse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“The ability to attain the feedstock production goal in the USA for biofuel production is limited by available arable land, cool temperatures, and periods of low light intensity. This study investigates the effects of warm and cool temperatures growth conditions in a low light regime on the photosynthesis and growth of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus). Alamo switchgr…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1296

Title

Cool temperature effects on photosynthetic parameters of two biomass fuel feedstocks in a low light intensity environment

Jackson LB Mitchell; Matthew Halter; C. Neal Stewart Jr.; et al. Biofuels 2014. doi:10.1080/17597269.2014.1002993

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass growth relative to warm conditions.
Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass mean light saturated photosynthetic rate relative to warm conditions.
Observation Alamo switchgrass did not acclimate to low light.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus quantum requirement.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus light saturated photosynthetic rates.
Observation Giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis were more tolerant of cool temperature than switchgrass.
Intervention effect Low radiation severely limited giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis.
Observation Switchgrass maintained higher growth than miscanthus under low radiation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heatinge5
Gene: ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Outcome: ADP-Glc starch synthase activitiese1
Direction: earliere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“ADPG-PPase and ADP-Glc starch synthase activities reached peak levels and starch concentration began rising earlier in apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1330–1463

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis were more tolerant of cool temperature than switchgrass.

Taxon: giant miscanthuse0
Outcome: growth and photosynthesise0
Direction: more tolerante0
Comparator: switchgrasse0

Verbatim

e0
“The ability to attain the feedstock production goal in the USA for biofuel production is limited by available arable land, cool temperatures, and periods of low light intensity. This study investigates the effects of warm and cool temperatures growth conditions in a low light regime on the photosynthesis and growth of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus). Alamo switchgr…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1296

Title

Cool temperature effects on photosynthetic parameters of two biomass fuel feedstocks in a low light intensity environment

Jackson LB Mitchell; Matthew Halter; C. Neal Stewart Jr.; et al. Biofuels 2014. doi:10.1080/17597269.2014.1002993

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass growth relative to warm conditions.
Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass mean light saturated photosynthetic rate relative to warm conditions.
Observation Alamo switchgrass did not acclimate to low light.
Observation Giant miscanthus photosynthesis acclimated to low light.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus quantum requirement.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus light saturated photosynthetic rates.
Intervention effect Low radiation severely limited giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis.
Observation Switchgrass maintained higher growth than miscanthus under low radiation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Parasitism in the pesticide field was 5.5% in the second generation and 11.9% in the third generation.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutume0
Outcome: Parasitisme4
Value: 5.5% in the second generation and 11.9% in the third generatione4
Setting: pesticide fielde4

Verbatim

e0
“To understand the ecological effects of mass-releasing Trichogramma chilonis in cotton fields, the biological control effects of this parasite were examined in two transgenic Bt cotton fields: one in which T.chilonis had been released and one in which it had not; and three non-transgenic cotton fields: one in which T.chilonis had been released in conjunction with chemical pesticides (IPM field), one with chemical pes…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–588

e4
“Parasitism of the fourth generation of cotton bollworms was, except for the pesticide field (52.1%), in excess of 60.0% in all other fields. (3) Parasitism in the pesticide field was 5.5% in the second generation and 11.9% in the third generation, a decrease of 8.8% and 14.8%, compared to the transgenic field in which T.chilonis had been released, and 40.9% and 56.2% compared to the IPM field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1362–1757

Title

Control of Helicoverpa armigera and related ecological effects following mass-release of Trichogramma chilonis in transgenic Bt and routine cotton fields

Liu Wan Acta Entomologica Sinica 2003

Other claims from this paper (19)

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