Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

After 3 days of germination, trypsin inhibitor activity showed no significant change in lentil seeds, except when seeds were rinsed only once.

Taxon: Lens culinarisLens culinarise0
Treatment: after 3 days of germinatione2
Outcome: TLAe2
Direction: no significant changee2
Qualifier: except when seeds were rinsed only oncee2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The effect of light and seed rinsing during the germination of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris var. Vulgaris cv. Magda-20) on trypsin inhibitor activity (TLA) has been studied”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–172

e2
“In general, there was no significant change in TLA after 3 days of germination, except when seeds were rinsed only once and the experiment was conducted in the dark, showing a 10% TLA decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 290–482

Title

Evolution of Trypsin Inhibitor Activity during Germination of Lentils

Juana Frias; Concepcion Diaz-Pollan; Cliff L. Hedley; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1995. doi:10.1021/jf00056a049

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Trypsin inhibitor activity decreased progressively during lentil germination.
Intervention effect Seeds rinsed only once and germinated in the dark showed a 10% decrease in trypsin inhibitor activity after 3 days.
Intervention effect Six days of germination decreased trypsin inhibitor activity by 7% to 18% in lentil seeds.
Intervention effect The number of rinses had no significant effect on the final trypsin inhibitor activity of lentil seeds after six days of germination.
Intervention effect Seeds illuminated for 6 h per day had significantly higher protease inhibitor activity during lentil germination.
Intervention effect Maximal decreases in trypsin inhibitor activity were found in lentil seeds germinated in darkness and rinsed daily.
Intervention effect Under optimum conditions, trypsin inhibitor activity first decreased slowly, with a 12% loss after 6 days of germination.
Intervention effect Under optimum conditions, trypsin inhibitor activity then decreased faster, by up to 45% of control seed values after 10 days of germination.
Intervention effect Hydration grade and light exposure had less influence on trypsin inhibitor activity than germination during lentil germination.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salt treatment did not significantly change the activity of PSI compared with the control.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: Salt treatmente2
Outcome: activity of PSIe3
Direction: no statistically significant differencee3
Comparator: controle3

Verbatim

e1
“The effect of salt stress was studied in mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) chloroplasts of maize plants treated with NaCl for 5 days”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–135

e2
“Salt treatment caused a decrease in the fluorescence, photochemical activity of PSII and PSI, and protein content of the thylakoids”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 401–532

e3
“The photochemical activity of PSII was reduced in both types of chloroplasts, while no statistically significant difference was observed in the activity of PSI compared to the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–843

Title

Comparative Analysis of Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts from Maize Plants Subjected to Salt Stress

Nahida Kh. Aliyeva; Durna R. Aliyeva; Saftar Y. Suleymanov; et al. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2025. doi:10.1134/s0006297924603162

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salt treatment decreased the protein content of maize thylakoids.
Intervention effect Salt treatment decreased fluorescence in maize chloroplasts.
Intervention effect Salt treatment reduced the photochemical activity of PSII in maize chloroplasts.
Intervention effect At high salt concentrations the F735/F686 fluorescence ratio was reduced in mesophyll chloroplasts.
Intervention effect At high salt concentrations the F735/F686 fluorescence ratio increased in bundle sheath chloroplasts.
Intervention effect Salt stress suppressed the synthesis of the PSI core 68-kDa apoprotein in mesophyll membranes.
Association PSII core antenna and LHCII proteins were present in both chloroplast types but at much lower content in bundle sheath thylakoids.
Observation Salt stress caused formation of granal stacks in bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize.
Intervention effect Salt stress had a greater impact on the ultrastructure of mesophyll chloroplasts than on bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar AUDPC does not differ between spray modes at the bottom or the top of the hill.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Treatment: variable-rate treatmente1
Outcome: foliar AUDPCe1
Direction: no_changeinferrede1
Qualifier: at the bottom or the top of the hille1
Comparator: constant-rate treatmente1

Verbatim

e0
“Apple orchardists in the United States protect their crops from numerous insects and diseases”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–93

e1
“The foliar AUDPC was significantly higher in the variable-rate treatment at the middle of hill location, but not at the bottom or the top of the hill, compared with that of the constant-rate treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1844–2044

Title

Using Laser-guided Variable-rate Spray Technology with Reduced Rates to Control Pests and Decrease Off-target Movement in a Tall Spindle-trained Apple Orchard

Lauren Fessler Mathews; Zachariah Hansen; David Lockwood; et al. HortScience 2025. doi:10.21273/hortsci18464-25

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Variable-rate spraying at a reduced rate reduces the pesticide volume applied in apple by 58% relative to constant-rate spraying.
Intervention effect Variable-rate spraying maintains pesticide coverage at or above the overspray threshold at all canopy locations except one.
Intervention effect Variable-rate spraying greatly reduces nontarget ground applications.
Intervention effect Spray mode does not affect leaf spot incidence or leaf spot count severity in apple foliage.
Intervention effect Spray mode does not affect fruit rot incidence, fruit rot severity or fruit disease index in apple.
Observation Fruit disease index remained low throughout both seasons.
Intervention effect Foliar AUDPC is significantly higher under variable-rate than constant-rate spraying at the middle of the hill.
Intervention effect Fruit AUDPC is not affected by spray mode.
Observation Neither of the two arthropods common in apple orchards was detected on any date.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Grain yield per plant showed a non-significant negative correlation with number of leaf rolling and days to 50% heading in wheat.

Taxon: Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
Material: F1 and F2 Generationst0
Outcome: grain yield per plante0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Qualifier: non-significant and negative correlation with number of leaf rolling and days to 50% headinge0

Verbatim

t0
“Analysis of Correlation and Path Coefficient in F1 and F2 Generations of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Condition”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–146

e0
“A study on Twenty-three characters revealed that there was a highly significant and positive association of grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with biological yield per plant and productive tillers per plant, Also, the grain yield per plant exhibited non-significant and negative correlation with number of leaf rolling and days to 50% heading.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 645–1030

Title

Analysis of Correlation and Path Coefficient in F1 and F2 Generations of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Condition

Prem Kumar; Vijay Kumar Yadav; Sarvendra Kumar; et al. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 2025. doi:10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i113227

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Under mild water stress total dry matter of IT96D-604 did not differ significantly from well-watered plants.

Taxon: CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
Material: IT96D-604e2
Treatment: mild water stresse1
Outcome: total dry mattere3
Direction: without significant differencese3
Comparator: well-waterede1

Verbatim

e0
“Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) has relatively higher drought tolerance than other legume crops”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–92

e1
“There were three watering treatments, T1 (well-watered), T2 (mild water stress) and T3 (severe water stress)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–726

e2
“Under T2, the shoot:root ratio (S:R ratio) of IT96D-604 was significantly decreased compared with that under T1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 847–958

e3
“as a result of the increase in root dry matter and decrease in leaf area without significant differences in total dry matter”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 959–1083

Title

ROOT CHARACTERISTICS IN COWPEA RELATED TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE AT THE SEEDLING STAGE

T. MATSUI; B. B. SINGH Experimental Agriculture 2003. doi:10.1017/s0014479703001108

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Invasion by Opuntia stricta had no significant effect on soil properties or invertebrate communities compared with control plots.

Taxon: Opuntia strictaOpuntia strictae0
Treatment: areas invaded by O. strictae2
Outcome: soil properties or invertebrate communitiese1
Direction: no_changeinferrede1
Comparator: control onee2

Verbatim

e0
“we aimed to evaluate the impacts of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. on the native plant and invertebrate communities of Capraia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–434

e1
“O. stricta seemed to significantly impact only plant communities (pseudoF 1,10 = 17.92, P = 0.01), with a decrease in species richness in the invaded areas, but not on soil properties or invertebrate communities”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1139–1350

e2
“comparing the areas invaded by O. stricta with control one”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–700

Title

Impacts of the invasive alien prickly pear, Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., on natural communities of Mediterranean insular habitats

Alice Misuri; Elena Tricarico; Lorenzo Lazzaro; et al. Journal for Nature Conservation 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127110

Other claims from this paper (1)

Intervention effect Invasion by Opuntia stricta decreased plant species richness in invaded areas relative to control plots, with pseudoF 17.92 and P = 0.01.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Root total polyphenols rose without significance under ozone.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxe1
Treatment: O 3 stresse2
Outcome: total polyphenols contente0
Direction: risinge0
Comparator: controle2

Verbatim

e0
“the total polyphenols content showed a rising trend but not significant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 547–618

e1
“Soybean grown in open top chambers (OTCs) were exposed to ambient air ([O 3 ]=40nmolmol -1 ) and elevated ozone ([O 3 ]=11010nmolmol -1 )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 192–329

e2
“The results revealed that with ozone concentration rising, compared with control, the O 3 stress induced the total flavonoids content in soybean root of all treatments showed a significant rising trend (P<0.05)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 331–541

e3
“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower than the CK treatment at flowering and podding stages under elevated ozone stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 988–1115

e4
“elevated ozone stress induced a decrease on activity of catalase (CAT) except for flowering stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1182–1279

t0
“Effects of Ozone Stress on Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity in Soybean Roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–89

Title

Effects of Ozone Stress on Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity in Soybean Roots

Tianhong Zhao; Wei Wang; Rongrong Tian; et al. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Biomedical and Biological Engineering 2016. doi:10.2991/bbe-16.2016.65

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Elevated ozone significantly increased root total flavonoids.
Intervention effect PAL activity in soybean roots was lower than CK.
Intervention effect PPO activity in soybean roots was lower than CK.
Intervention effect LOX activity in soybean roots was higher than CK.
Association PALLOX activity rose over soybean growth.
Association PPO activity rose over soybean growth.
Intervention effect Elevated ozone lowered root SOD at flowering and podding.
Intervention effect Elevated ozone decreased CAT activity except at flowering.
Intervention effect CAT activity increased significantly at flowering under elevated ozone.
Intervention effect Elevated ozone increased POD activity versus CK at every stage.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Above 5 nmol g−1 of leaf ABA, first-flush flower number did not significantly change.

Taxon: Meiwa kumquatCitrus japonicat0
Compound: abscisic acid (ABA)e5
Outcome: number of first-flush flowerse4
Direction: no_changeinferrede5
Value: 5 nmol g−1e5

Verbatim

t0
“Meiwa Kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 148–194

e4
“In 2010, the number of first-flush flowers increased with a decrease in the leaf water potential down to −1.7 MPa.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 582–696

e5
“It was also positively correlated with leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content, but did not significantly change once ABA levels exceeded 5 nmol g−1.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 697–839

Title

Relationships between the Number of First-Flush Flowers and Leaf Water Potential or Leaf ABA Content Affected by Varying Degrees of Water Stress in Meiwa Kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle)

Naoto IWASAKI; Yuuki NAKANO; Kaori SUZUKI; et al. Environment Control in Biology 2017. doi:10.2525/ecb.55.59

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Lateral root growth of Quercus agrifolia did not increase significantly in the shallow treatment relative to control when the primary root tip died.

Taxon: Quercus agrifoliaQuercus agrifoliae0
Treatment: shallowe2
Outcome: Lateral root growthe0
Direction: did not increase significantlye0
Comparator: controle1

Verbatim

e0
“Lateral root growth of Quercus agrifolia did not increase significantly when the primary root tip died in the shallow treatment, resulting in an overall decrease in the percent of the root system composed of lateral roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 679–900

e1
“the taproot was allowed to extend into moist soil throughout the duration of the experiment (control)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 257–358

e2
“in the second treatment (shallow) the taproot grew into a dry substrate below 30 cm of moist soil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 366–463

Title

EFFECTS OF SOIL WATER DISTRIBUTION ON THE LATERAL ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF THREE SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA OAKS

Ragan M. Callaway American Journal of Botany 1990. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb12557.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increase in thermal energy dissipation before budbreak was not significant at 5 and 10°C in Picea glehnii.

Taxon: Picea glehniiPicea glehniie0
Treatment: lower temperatures (5 and 10°C)e4
Outcome: thermal energy dissipatione4
Direction: increasee4

Verbatim

e0
“The seasonal changes in photosynthetic properties in 1‐year‐old needles of Sakhalin spruce ( Picea glehnii ) were measured using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique at various temperatures (5, 10, 20, 25 and 30°C)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–216

e4
“An increase in thermal energy dissipation as indicated by a decrease in F v ′/ F m ′ before budbreak was not significant at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) in spite of the declines in q P”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–805

Title

Increased susceptibility to photoinhibition in pre‐existing needles experiencing low temperature at spring budbreak in Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) seedlings

Mitsutoshi Kitao; Laiye Qu; Takayoshi Koike; et al. Physiologia Plantarum 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00393.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

“decrease in A”

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