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“ABA levels”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ABA treatment reduced ABA levels.

Treatment: ABA treatmente0
Outcome: ABA levelse0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“reduced ABA levels under ABA treatment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1191–1230

Title

Hormonal Interplay of GAs and Abscisic Acid in Rice Germination and Growth Under Low-Temperature Stress

Nari Kim; Rahmatullah Jan; Saleem Asif; et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2025. doi:10.3390/ijms27010181

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect GA3 improved germination in the resistant cultivars Nagdong and CNDH77.
Intervention effect Susceptible cultivars showed minimal germination improvement with GA3.
Intervention effect ABA inhibited rice germination, especially at higher concentrations.
Intervention effect GA3 promoted embryonic growth in rice.
Observation Resistant rice cultivars had the longest embryo cells, measuring 10.10 and 13.49 µm.
Intervention effect ABA suppressed embryonic growth in rice.
Intervention effect ABA completely inhibited germination in susceptible rice cultivars.
Association Upregulation of GA biosynthesis and signaling genes in resistant cultivars correlated with enhanced germination and growth.
Mechanism ABA-induced ABI5 expression suppressed germination, particularly in susceptible cultivars.
Intervention effect GA3 treatment increased endogenous GA3.
Intervention effect GA3 upregulated OSK3, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 expression.
Intervention effect GA3 enhanced expression of OsCPS1, OsKS1, OsGID1, and OsGID2.
Intervention effect ABA upregulated OsABA8ox2.
Intervention effect GA3 enhanced amylase activity and sugar-related gene expression.
Intervention effect ABA reduced cell elongation to 4.45 µm in CNDH77 at 100 µM.

Associationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

ABA UDP-glucosyltransferase has a marginal effect on free ABA levels.

Taxon: ABA UDP-glucosyltransferasee0
Gene: ABA UDP-glucosyltransferasee0
Outcome: free ABA levelse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“ABA UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT), the major player in the ABA conjugation pathway, has been shown to have a marginal effect on free ABA levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 338–481

Title

51) 右室の拡張型心筋症が強く疑われた1剖検例 : 日本循環器学会第123回関東甲信越地方会

博文古田; 雄二中村; 雅彦岡田; et al. Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition 1989. doi:10.4161/psb.28888

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SlCYP707A1 overexpression reduced ABA levels and produced ABA deficient phenotypes.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: overexpressing SlCYP707A1e0
Gene: SlCYP707A1e0
Outcome: ABA levels and exhibit ABA-deficient phenotypese0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Transgenic plants, overexpressing SlCYP707A1, have reduced ABA levels and exhibit ABA-deficient phenotypes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1109–1215

t0
“tomato”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 24–30

Title

Abscisic acid levels in tomato ovaries are regulated by LeNCED1 and SlCYP707A1

Lisette Maria Catharina Nitsch; Carla Oplaat; Richard Feron; et al. Planta 2009. doi:10.1007/s00425-009-0913-7

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation ABA levels were high in mature ovaries and decreased immediately after pollination.
Observation Dihydrophaseic acid increased after pollination.
Observation LeNCED1 mRNA in ovaries declined after pollination.
Observation One of four newly identified putative ABA 8-hydroxylase genes was strongly induced.
Observation SlCYP707A1 expression was specific to ovules and placenta.
Intervention effect Gibberellin and auxin application had different effects on LeNCED1 and SlCYP707A1 expression.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The three embryo categories differed in ABA and ABA-GE levels.

Taxon: Pyrus malusMalus domesticat0
Organ / stage: embryose0
Outcome: ABA and ABA-GE levelse0

Verbatim

e0
“Evaluation of ABA by radioimmunoassay shows that the three categories of embryos also differ in their ABA and ABA-GE levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 928–1052

t0
“Pyrus malus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–56

Title

Heterogeneity of dormancy in apple embryos. [Pyrus malus]

B. Christine; B. Camille Plant Physiol., Suppl.; (United States) 1986

Other claims from this paper (5)

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Levels of the three ABA responsive genes declined with increasing water stress or ABA.

Taxon: Lathyrus sativusLathyrus sativust0
Treatment: water stress or ABA levelse0
Outcome: the levelse0
Direction: decline graduallye0

Verbatim

e0
“the levels of which decline gradually with increase in water stress or ABA levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 151–232

t0
“Lathyrus sativus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–83

Title

Effect of water stress on proline content and transcript levels in Lathyrus sativus.

A Tyagi; I M Santha; S L Mehta PubMed 1999

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation PLE 25, TAS 14 and RAB 17 were expressed constitutively in Lathyrus sativus.
Observation Leaf proline accumulation increased 65 fold.
Observation Stem proline accumulation increased 56 fold.
Observation Root proline accumulation increased 38 fold.
Observation Etiolated seedlings showed a marginal proline increase.
Observation Proline increased in plant parts unexposed to light.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Physiological ABA and oxygen did not alter endogenous ABA levels.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: physiological levels of both ABA and O2e0
Outcome: endogenous + ABA levelse0
Direction: without alteringe0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The combination of physiological levels of both ABA and O2 largely normalized DW accumulation and embryo morphology without altering endogenous + ABA levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1293–1450

t0
“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–36

Title

Normalizing Development of CulturedTriticum aestivumL. Embryos

J. RICHARD HESS; JOHN G. CARMAN Journal of Experimental Botany 1993. doi:10.1093/jxb/44.6.1067

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Two wheat populations differed 17-fold in initial embryo ABA content.
Association Initial ABA difference did not affect precocious germination in vitro.
Association Initial ABA difference did not affect the exogenous ABA amount needed to reduce precocious germination by 40%.
Observation Embryos from both populations were equally sensitive to exogenous ABA.
Intervention effect Cavity sap oxygen prevented precocious embryo germination more effectively than cavity sap ABA.
Intervention effect Physiological ABA and oxygen largely normalized dry-weight accumulation and embryo morphology.
Observation Residual respiration was higher in cultured embryos than embryos grown in situ.
Intervention effect Exogenous oxygen and ABA did not influence residual respiration.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bound ABA levels followed free ABA levels but declined more slowly in early winter.

Taxon: Sour CherryPrunus cerasust0
Outcome: Levels of bound ABAe0
Direction: declined more slowlye0
Qualifier: early wintere0
Comparator: free ABAe0

Verbatim

e0
“Levels of bound ABA paralleled those of free ABA, but declined more slowly during early winter.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 939–1034

t0
“Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–74

Title

Hormonal Control of Flower Bud Dormancy in Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). II. Levels of Abscisic Acid and its Water Soluble Complex1

E. A. Mielke; F. G. Dennis Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1975. doi:10.21273/jashs.100.3.287

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation On a per-bud basis, ABA amount was higher in scales than primordia.
Observation ABA concentration was higher in primordia than scales.
Observation Bound ABA concentrations exceeded free ABA concentrations.
Observation Free ABA concentration changed more dramatically in primordia than scales.
Observation Free ABA concentration rose rapidly in autumn.
Observation Free ABA concentration reached a maximum in November or December.
Observation Free ABA concentration then declined rapidly over about four weeks to or below its original level.
Association The autumn free ABA increase coincided with leaf abscission onset rather than dormancy onset.
Association Maximum free ABA levels occurred after about 90 to 95% of leaves had abscised.
Association Free ABA returned to its original level several weeks before rest ended.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Exogenous ABA increases ABA, IAA and GA levels in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.

Taxon: Idesia polycarpaIdesia polycarpat0
Treatment: ABAe5
Outcome: ABA, IAA, and GA levelse5
Direction: increasede5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Idesia polycarpa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 57–73

e5
“Consequently, ABA, IAA, and GA levels increased, whereas JA and SA levels decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 984–1067

Title

Mechanisms of exogenous ABA-induced drought tolerance in Idesia polycarpa seedlings revealed by integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses

Xiaoyu Lu; Shaofeng Peng; Yi'an Yin; et al. Industrial Crops and Products 2025. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122030

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Drought stress reduces chlorophyll content in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Intervention effect Drought stress thins leaf tissues of Idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Intervention effect ABA treatment maintains chlorophyll levels of Idesia polycarpa seedlings under drought.
Intervention effect ABA treatment increases palisade tissue thickness of Idesia polycarpa seedlings under drought.
Intervention effect Exogenous ABA enhances leaf relative water content in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Intervention effect Exogenous ABA promotes osmolyte accumulation in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Intervention effect Exogenous ABA reduces electrolyte leakage in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Intervention effect Exogenous ABA increases antioxidant enzyme activities in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Mechanism ABA activates the plant hormone signaling pathway in Idesia polycarpa through key genes such as PP2C51, as the authors interpret the integrated analysis.
Intervention effect ABA activates the ascorbate–aldarate metabolism pathway in Idesia polycarpa.
Intervention effect Exogenous ABA decreases JA and SA levels in Idesia polycarpa seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ABA improved antioxidant enzyme levels.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: ABA treatmente0
Outcome: antioxidant enzyme levelse0
Direction: improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“ABA treatment improved antioxidant enzyme levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1291–1339

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–86

Title

Physiological mechanisms of ABA-induced salinity tolerance in leaves and roots of rice

Guanjie Chen; Dianfeng Zheng; Naijie Feng; et al. Scientific Reports 2022. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11408-0

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Salt stress reduced growth parameters in both rice seedlings.
Intervention effect Salt stress decreased photosynthetic pigments, mainly in Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Salt stress decreased photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters.
Intervention effect Salinity increased root malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased leaf hydrogen peroxide in Huanghuazhan.
Intervention effect Salinity increased leaf sodium content.
Intervention effect Salinity enhanced catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase activities in both rice seedlings.
Intervention effect Salinity increased root ascorbic acid and glutathione levels.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased leaf ascorbic acid and glutathione levels with time dependence.
Intervention effect ABA partially or completely mitigated salinity toxicity in seedlings.
Intervention effect ABA reversed most physiological parameters altered by salt stress.
Intervention effect ABA significantly reduced sodium content in both varieties.
Intervention effect ABA increased potassium, magnesium, and calcium content in leaves and roots.
Intervention effect ABA increased leaf ACC, TZ, and IPA contents under salt stress.
Intervention effect ABA increased leaf IAA and ABA contents under salt stress.
Mechanism The authors suggest ABA protects membranes and modulates antioxidant defense and hormonal balance under salt stress.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Csnced3 mutants had reduced ABA levels.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativust0
Material: Csnced3 mutantse0
Outcome: ABA levelse0
Direction: reducede0

Verbatim

e0
“Csnced3 mutants had reduced ABA levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 820–858

t0
“cucumber”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–97

Title

The CsphyB–CsPIF4–CsBRC1 module regulates ABA biosynthesis and axillary bud outgrowth in cucumber

Ye Liu; Zhihan Liu; Chuang Li; et al. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2025. doi:10.1111/jipb.13947

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect CsphyB mutation inhibits lateral bud outgrowth.
Intervention effect Shade inactivation of CsphyB inhibits lateral bud outgrowth.
Observation CsPIF4 interacts with CsphyB.
Mechanism CsPIF4 binds the CsBRC1 promoter and activates CsBRC1 expression.
Mechanism CsBRC1 directly promotes CsNCED3 expression.
Intervention effect CsPIF4 disruption decreased CsBRC1 expression.
Intervention effect CsPIF4 disruption decreased CsNCED3 expression.
Intervention effect CsPIF4 disruption reduced ABA accumulation.
Intervention effect CsPIF4 disruption increased bud outgrowth.
Observation Csnced3 mutants had increased lateral bud outgrowth.
Recommendation The authors suggest manipulating branch numbers to optimize yield.

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