Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors described B. membranaceum CAM activity as CAM-idling.

Taxon: B. membranaceumBulbophyllum membranaceume0
Outcome: CAM-idlinge0

Verbatim

e0
“For C 3 B. membranaceum , this CAM activity is best described as ‘CAM-idling’”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1799–1876

Title

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

Shawn Tay; Jie He; Tim Wing Yam Botanical studies 2019. doi:10.1186/s40529-019-0255-0

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Seven weeks of drought under moderate light reduced photosynthetic light utilization in all six species.
Intervention effect Drought reduced CAM orchid leaf relative water content below 50%.
Observation C3 orchids retained leaf relative water content above 50% under drought.
Intervention effect Rewatering reversed the drought effects after 14 weeks.
Intervention effect Leaf proline concentration increased in CAM orchids and B. membranaceum.
Intervention effect CAM acidity increased in leaves and pseudobulbs of most species.
Intervention effect CAM acidity increased to a lesser extent in B. membranaceum.
Mechanism The authors identified proline osmoregulation and CAM expression as adaptive drought responses maintaining photosynthesis.
Recommendation The authors recommend analyzing CAM plasticity in future orchid drought studies.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amylase activity was not detectable in CAM leaves.

Organ / stage: CAM leafe0
Gene: °-Amylasee0
Outcome: °-Amylase activitye0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0
“°-Amylase activity could not be demonstrated in the CAM leaf and glucokinase activity was low.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 306–400

Title

Glycolysis in CAM Plants

BG Sutton Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1975. doi:10.1071/pp9750389

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Peperomia had high Sm and low CAM activity.

Taxon: PeperomiaPeperomiae0
Outcome: low CAM activitye0
Qualifier: high Sme0

Verbatim

e0
“Peperomia, with high Sm, shows low CAM activity, while Cyphostemma, with relatively low Sm, exhibits very high CAM activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 355–478

Title

Relationship between CAM and Succulence in Some Species of Vitaceae and Piperaceae

A. Virzo de Santo; A. Alfani; G. Russo; et al. Botanical Gazette 1983. doi:10.1086/337382

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gene expression confirmed CAM activity in Joshua trees.

Taxon: Joshua treeYucca brevifoliat0
Outcome: CAM activitye0

Verbatim

e0
“Gene expression confirmed CAM activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1025–1063

t0
“Joshua tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–41

Title

Cryptic CAM photosynthesis in Joshua tree ( Yucca brevifolia , Y. jaegeriana )

Karolina Heyduk; Sara Sciulla; Bridget Hennessy; et al. New Phytologist 2025. doi:10.1111/nph.70437

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Joshua tree seedlings showed low levels of CAM photosynthesis.
Observation CAM levels varied across Joshua tree populations.
Association CAM variation was unrelated to home environmental conditions.
Association Gene expression suggested carbon and nitrogen metabolism differed between the two Joshua tree species.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Non-CAM starch losses and glycolytic activity could support CAM-like dark acidification.

Taxon: non-CAM plantse0
Outcome: dark acidificatione0
Comparator: CAM plantse0

Verbatim

e0
“Starch losses and glycolytic enzyme activities of non-CAM plants were sufficient to allow dark acidification comparable to that of CAM plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 779–921

Title

Glycolysis in CAM Plants

BG Sutton Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1975. doi:10.1071/pp9750389

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Kalanchoe enzyme kinetics resembled those of non-CAM tissue.
Observation Amylase activity was not detectable in CAM leaves.
Observation Glucokinase activity was low.
Mechanism High phosphorylase activity suggested a role in moving glucan breakdown products into glycolysis.
Observation Pyruvate kinase activity was 1.7% of PEP carboxylase activity.
Mechanism Pyruvate production at night was inferred to draw little PEP from malic acid synthesis.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S. stoloniferum developed low CAM activity, described as CAM-cycling metabolism, under drought.

Taxon: S. stoloniferumPhedimus stolonifere0
Treatment: drought conditionse0
Outcome: low degree of CAM activity, e.g. CAM-cycling metabolisme0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“S. stoloniferum developed a low degree of CAM activity, e.g. CAM-cycling metabolism, under drought conditions.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1941–2051

Title

Comparison of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Sedum album and Sedum stoloniferum (Crassulaceae) under water stress

G. Habibi; R. Hajiboland Photosynthetica 2012. doi:10.1007/s11099-012-0066-y

Other claims from this paper (13)

Association Leaf relative water content, osmotic potential and water potential decreased with increasing water stress in both Sedum species.
Intervention effect Dry matter production declined significantly only in S. stoloniferum after 20 days of water stress.
Intervention effect Leaf thickness declined significantly only in S. stoloniferum after 20 days of water stress.
Intervention effect Titratable acidity and PEPC activity in S. album responded early and rose throughout drought to 15 times well-watered levels.
Intervention effect The same parameters responded later and declined after a transient increase in S. stoloniferum.
Intervention effect Net night-time CO2 assimilation in S. stoloniferum increased under drought but remained negative.
Intervention effect CAT, APX and SOD activities increased under mild water stress.
Intervention effect CAT, APX and SOD activities declined when water stress became severe.
Observation MDA content was higher in drought-stressed S. stoloniferum.
Association The rise in H2O2 concentration was greater in S. album than S. stoloniferum.
Observation SOD activity showed clear diurnal fluctuation in drought-stressed plants, more steadily in S. album.
Observation CAT activity showed that diurnal pattern only in S. album.
Association Antioxidant-enzyme fluctuations depended on drought duration and were related to photosynthesis mode and CAM induction.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Prolonged nitrate deficiency reduced CAM activity.

Taxon: Mesembryanthemum crystallinumMesembryanthemum crystallinume1
Treatment: Prolonged nitrate deficiencye2
Outcome: CAM activitye2
Direction: reducede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Plants of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–50

e2
“Prolonged nitrate deficiency reduced CAM activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–691

Title

The stimulation of CAM activity in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in nitrate and phosphate‐deficient conditions

M. J. PAUL; W. COCKBURN New Phytologist 1990. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00406.x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Nitrate deficiency enhanced CAM activity before salt treatment.
Intervention effect Phosphate deficiency enhanced CAM activity before salt treatment.
Intervention effect After salinisation, phosphate deficiency raised background levels of malate.
Association Endogenous P1 levels in phosphate-sufficient plants correlated with CAM activity.
Association In phosphate-deficient plants CAM occurred without a significant rise in endogenous P1 content.
Association Endogenous P1 levels were more related to nitrate deficiency than to CAM or salt treatment.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cyphostemma had relatively low Sm and very high CAM activity.

Taxon: CyphostemmaCyphostemmae0
Outcome: very high CAM activitye0
Qualifier: relatively low Sme0

Verbatim

e0
“Peperomia, with high Sm, shows low CAM activity, while Cyphostemma, with relatively low Sm, exhibits very high CAM activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 355–478

Title

Relationship between CAM and Succulence in Some Species of Vitaceae and Piperaceae

A. Virzo de Santo; A. Alfani; G. Russo; et al. Botanical Gazette 1983. doi:10.1086/337382

Other claims from this paper (7)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intracellular cAMP changes strongly modulated CaM activity.

Gene: CaMe0
Compound: cAMPe0
Outcome: CaM activitye0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0
“CaM activity was strongly modulated by intracellular changes in cAMP (induced by activators and antagonists of adenylyl cyclase)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1215–1343

Title

Calmodulin activity and cAMP signalling modulate growth and apical secretion in pollen tubes

Cláudia Rato; David Monteiro; Peter K. Hepler; et al. The Plant Journal 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02091.x

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Calmodulin activity showed a tip-focused gradient in pollen tubes.
Observation Apical calmodulin activity oscillated in long tubes with a 40-80 sec period similar to cytosolic calcium.
Observation The oscillation was absent in small or stopped pollen tubes.
Intervention effect Altering apical CaM activity by photolyzing RS-20 reoriented the pollen tube growth axis.
Mechanism Secretion was a putative target of CaM and cAMP cross-talk in pollen tubes.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CaM-dependent NADK activity was much greater than independent activity, especially in young seedlings.

Taxon: ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
Organ / stage: young seedlingse0
Gene: NADKe0
Outcome: CaM-dependent NADK activitye0
Direction: much greatere0
Comparator: CaM-independent activitye0

Verbatim

e0
“In Arabidopsis crude extracts, CaM-dependent NADK activity was much greater than CaM-independent activity throughout development, particularly in young seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1398

Title

Cloning and Characterization of Two NAD Kinases from Arabidopsis. Identification of a Calmodulin Binding Isoform

William L. Turner; Jeffrey C. Waller; Barb Vanderbeld; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004. doi:10.1104/pp.104.040428

Other claims from this paper (12)

Method / resource Two Arabidopsis NADK cDNAs were cloned and designated NADK1 and NADK2.
Observation Recombinant NADK1 was catalytically active.
Observation Recombinant NADK2 was catalytically active.
Observation Both NADK transcripts were detected in all examined tissues and throughout development.
Observation NADK2 has a large N-terminal extension apparently unique to plants.
Observation A calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding domain was mapped to a 45-residue region of NADK2.
Observation Recombinant NADK2 did not respond to calmodulin in vitro.
Observation Immunoblotting suggested native NADK2 binds calmodulin.
Observation Partially purified native seedling NADK had Km NAD of 0.20 mM.
Observation Partially purified native seedling NADK had Km Mg2+ -ATP of 0.17 mM.
Observation Conserved CaM fully activated the enzyme with calcium present, with S0.5 of 2.2 nm.
Observation The native enzyme responded differently to eight Arabidopsis CaM-like proteins.

“CAM activity”

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