Claim · model-written summary
Wet willow seed germinates in about one day.
SalixVerbatim
t0“willows”
e0“germinates in about one day when wet”
Title
Introduced willows can become invasive pests in Australia
Kurt W. Cremer Biodiversity 2003. doi:10.1080/14888386.2003.9712705
Other claims from this paper (16)
- Observation Invasive willows obstruct and divert streams and displace native vegetation.
- Observation Bad infestations occur in less than 10% of potential willow habitat.
- Observation Tree willows spread when broken branches root in wet downstream areas.
- Observation Shrub willows are less fragile and unlikely to spread through broken branches.
- Observation Female willows generally produce viable seed with compatible nearby pollen.
- Observation Most resulting Australian willow seedlings are hybrids that grow and reproduce vigorously.
- Observation Except for two species, willow seed regeneration is largely confined to wet bare sediment.
- Observation Dry willow seed survives for only one to seven weeks.
- Observation Wind carries willow seed beyond 1 km and sometimes 50 to 100 km.
- Observation Stream transport of willow seed or branches spreads them only downstream and less effectively than wind.
- Observation Seedling survival is probably limited chiefly by seedbed, water-level change, and floods.
- Observation Suitable mass seedling establishment conditions probably occur every 5 to 20 years in southeastern streams.
- Observation Wildfire or swamp collapse may promote massive willow seed regeneration.
- Recommendation The authors recommend controlling fragile willows where branches readily root.
- Recommendation The authors recommend minimizing seed-bearing female willows and distancing them from seedbeds.
- Recommendation The authors prefer male willows at least 2,000 m from compatible females.
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