Claim · model-written summary
Foliar smoke–water significantly increased spinach seedling length and weight relative to water spray.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- Smoke–water foliar treatmente0
- Outcome
- length and weight of seedlingse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- seedlings sprayed with water (control)e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Smoke–water foliar treatment significantly enhanced the length and weight of seedlings compared to the seedlings sprayed with water (control).”
t0“spinach”
Title
Shubhpriya Gupta; Manoj Kulkarni; Ivana Doležalova; et al. South African Journal of Botany 2024. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2024.02.045
Other claims from this paper (7)
- Intervention effect Foliar smoke–water significantly increased radish seedling length and weight relative to water spray.
- Intervention effect Foliar smoke–water significantly increased turnip seedling length and weight relative to water spray.
- Intervention effect Smoke–water increased leaf potassium and zinc in radish seedlings.
- Intervention effect Smoke–water increased leaf potassium and zinc in spinach seedlings.
- Intervention effect Smoke–water increased leaf potassium and zinc in turnip seedlings.
- Recommendation The authors propose using smoke–water to raise vigorous vegetable seedlings for better yield.
- Recommendation The authors suggest smoke–water use can reduce conventional chemical spray input.