Salix herbacea 138 claims

species · family Salicaceae · green plant · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

Common name: dwarf willow — Also written in claims: S. herbacea × S. polaris · dwarf willow · dwarf willows

15 spellings

Questions studied on this organism1 question2 papers

Salix herbaceaEl Grafo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

138 claims

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salix herbacea has approximately 8 Mb Z and W regions on chromosome 15.

Taxon: Salix herbaceaSalix herbaceae0
Organ / stage: chromosome 15e0
Outcome: Z- and W-regionse0
Value: ~ 8 Mbe0

Verbatim

e0
“We identify Z- and W-regions (~ 8 Mb) on chromosome 15 of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea using a new haplotype-resolved assembly.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–600

Title

Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene

Xiaomeng Mao; Nima Rafati; Christian Tellgren-Roth; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-04038-6

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation The W region contains an embedded 5 Mb inversion.
Association The inversion appears to have recently incorporated pseudoautosomal sequence, nearly tripling the W region.
Observation The W region uniquely contains seven pairs of inverted partial PISTILLATA repeats.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes occur in ZW Salix species.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes were absent from XY Salix species.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The W region contains an embedded 5 Mb inversion.

Taxon: Salix herbaceaSalix herbaceae1
Outcome: embedded inversione0
Value: 5 Mbe0

Verbatim

e0
“The W-region harbours a large (5 Mb) embedded inversion.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–657

t0
“Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–106

e1
“We identify Z- and W-regions (~ 8 Mb) on chromosome 15 of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea using a new haplotype-resolved assembly.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–600

Title

Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene

Xiaomeng Mao; Nima Rafati; Christian Tellgren-Roth; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-04038-6

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Salix herbacea has approximately 8 Mb Z and W regions on chromosome 15.
Association The inversion appears to have recently incorporated pseudoautosomal sequence, nearly tripling the W region.
Observation The W region uniquely contains seven pairs of inverted partial PISTILLATA repeats.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes occur in ZW Salix species.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes were absent from XY Salix species.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The inversion appears to have recently incorporated pseudoautosomal sequence, nearly tripling the W region.

Taxon: Salix herbaceaSalix herbaceae1
Organ / stage: W-regione0
Outcome: extending its lengthe0
Direction: extendinge0
Value: nearly three-folde0
Qualifier: pseudoautosomal sequencee0

Verbatim

e0
“this inversion recently incorporated pseudoautosomal sequence into the W-region, extending its length nearly three-fold.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 787–907

t0
“Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–106

e1
“We identify Z- and W-regions (~ 8 Mb) on chromosome 15 of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea using a new haplotype-resolved assembly.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–600

Title

Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene

Xiaomeng Mao; Nima Rafati; Christian Tellgren-Roth; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-04038-6

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Salix herbacea has approximately 8 Mb Z and W regions on chromosome 15.
Observation The W region contains an embedded 5 Mb inversion.
Observation The W region uniquely contains seven pairs of inverted partial PISTILLATA repeats.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes occur in ZW Salix species.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes were absent from XY Salix species.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The W region uniquely contains seven pairs of inverted partial PISTILLATA repeats.

Taxon: Salix herbaceaSalix herbaceae1
Gene: PISTILLATAe0
Outcome: inverted partial repeatse0
Value: seven pairse0

Verbatim

e0
“The W-region exclusively contains seven pairs of inverted partial repeats of the male essential floral identity gene PISTILLATA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 908–1035

t0
“Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–106

e1
“We identify Z- and W-regions (~ 8 Mb) on chromosome 15 of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea using a new haplotype-resolved assembly.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–600

Title

Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene

Xiaomeng Mao; Nima Rafati; Christian Tellgren-Roth; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-04038-6

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Salix herbacea has approximately 8 Mb Z and W regions on chromosome 15.
Observation The W region contains an embedded 5 Mb inversion.
Association The inversion appears to have recently incorporated pseudoautosomal sequence, nearly tripling the W region.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes occur in ZW Salix species.
Observation PISTILLATA pseudogenes were absent from XY Salix species.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Natural Salix herbacea populations had a female-biased sex ratio of 0.71–0.82.

Taxon: Salix herbacea L.Salix herbaceat0
Outcome: sex ratio [proportion of females]e0
Direction: female biase0
Value: 0.71–0.82e0

Verbatim

e0
“female bias, both in natural populations (sex ratio [proportion of females]: 0.71–0.82)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1181–1268

t0
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

t1
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

Title

Female‐biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow ( Salix herbacea L.)

Xiaomeng Mao; Andrés J. Cortés; Christian Rixen; et al. Journal of Ecology 2024. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14348

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Controlled crosses had an overall female-biased sex ratio of 0.70–0‐72.
Association Female bias increased with elevation.
Observation The data did not support sex differences in size or flowering.
Observation Family sex ratios ranged from 0.25 to 1.
Observation Families included many female-biased, unbiased, and two male-biased families.
Association Lower germination, establishment, survival or flowering did not predict stronger female bias.
Observation The authors infer that female bias is already present in seeds.
Mechanism The authors infer that sex differences do not generate the bias.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Controlled crosses had an overall female-biased sex ratio of 0.70–0‐72.

Taxon: Salix herbacea L.Salix herbaceat0
Outcome: overall sex ratioe0
Direction: female biase0
Value: 0.70–0‐72e0

Verbatim

e0
“female bias, both in natural populations (sex ratio [proportion of females]: 0.71–0.82) and in our controlled experiment (overall sex ratio: 0.70–0‐72)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1181–1332

t0
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

t1
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

Title

Female‐biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow ( Salix herbacea L.)

Xiaomeng Mao; Andrés J. Cortés; Christian Rixen; et al. Journal of Ecology 2024. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14348

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Natural Salix herbacea populations had a female-biased sex ratio of 0.71–0.82.
Association Female bias increased with elevation.
Observation The data did not support sex differences in size or flowering.
Observation Family sex ratios ranged from 0.25 to 1.
Observation Families included many female-biased, unbiased, and two male-biased families.
Association Lower germination, establishment, survival or flowering did not predict stronger female bias.
Observation The authors infer that female bias is already present in seeds.
Mechanism The authors infer that sex differences do not generate the bias.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Female bias increased with elevation.

Taxon: Salix herbacea L.Salix herbaceat0
Outcome: Female biase0
Direction: more pronouncede0
Setting: elevatione0

Verbatim

e0
“Female bias became more pronounced with increasing elevation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1334–1394

t0
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

t1
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

Title

Female‐biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow ( Salix herbacea L.)

Xiaomeng Mao; Andrés J. Cortés; Christian Rixen; et al. Journal of Ecology 2024. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14348

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Natural Salix herbacea populations had a female-biased sex ratio of 0.71–0.82.
Observation Controlled crosses had an overall female-biased sex ratio of 0.70–0‐72.
Observation The data did not support sex differences in size or flowering.
Observation Family sex ratios ranged from 0.25 to 1.
Observation Families included many female-biased, unbiased, and two male-biased families.
Association Lower germination, establishment, survival or flowering did not predict stronger female bias.
Observation The authors infer that female bias is already present in seeds.
Mechanism The authors infer that sex differences do not generate the bias.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The data did not support sex differences in size or flowering.

Taxon: Salix herbacea L.Salix herbaceat0
Outcome: sexual dimorphism in size or floweringe0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Our data did not support sexual dimorphism in size or flowering”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1396–1459

t0
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

t1
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

Title

Female‐biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow ( Salix herbacea L.)

Xiaomeng Mao; Andrés J. Cortés; Christian Rixen; et al. Journal of Ecology 2024. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14348

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Natural Salix herbacea populations had a female-biased sex ratio of 0.71–0.82.
Observation Controlled crosses had an overall female-biased sex ratio of 0.70–0‐72.
Association Female bias increased with elevation.
Observation Family sex ratios ranged from 0.25 to 1.
Observation Families included many female-biased, unbiased, and two male-biased families.
Association Lower germination, establishment, survival or flowering did not predict stronger female bias.
Observation The authors infer that female bias is already present in seeds.
Mechanism The authors infer that sex differences do not generate the bias.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Family sex ratios ranged from 0.25 to 1.

Taxon: Salix herbacea L.Salix herbaceat0
Outcome: Family sex ratiose0
Direction: varied largelye0
Value: from 0.25 to 1e0

Verbatim

e0
“Family sex ratios varied largely (from 0.25 to 1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1461–1510

t0
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

t1
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

Title

Female‐biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow ( Salix herbacea L.)

Xiaomeng Mao; Andrés J. Cortés; Christian Rixen; et al. Journal of Ecology 2024. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14348

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Natural Salix herbacea populations had a female-biased sex ratio of 0.71–0.82.
Observation Controlled crosses had an overall female-biased sex ratio of 0.70–0‐72.
Association Female bias increased with elevation.
Observation The data did not support sex differences in size or flowering.
Observation Families included many female-biased, unbiased, and two male-biased families.
Association Lower germination, establishment, survival or flowering did not predict stronger female bias.
Observation The authors infer that female bias is already present in seeds.
Mechanism The authors infer that sex differences do not generate the bias.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Families included many female-biased, unbiased, and two male-biased families.

Taxon: Salix herbacea L.Salix herbaceat0
Outcome: female‐biased families, unbiased families and two male‐biased familiese0

Verbatim

e0
“including many female‐biased families, unbiased families and two male‐biased families”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1512–1597

t0
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

t1
“Salix herbacea L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–123

Title

Female‐biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow ( Salix herbacea L.)

Xiaomeng Mao; Andrés J. Cortés; Christian Rixen; et al. Journal of Ecology 2024. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14348

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Natural Salix herbacea populations had a female-biased sex ratio of 0.71–0.82.
Observation Controlled crosses had an overall female-biased sex ratio of 0.70–0‐72.
Association Female bias increased with elevation.
Observation The data did not support sex differences in size or flowering.
Observation Family sex ratios ranged from 0.25 to 1.
Association Lower germination, establishment, survival or flowering did not predict stronger female bias.
Observation The authors infer that female bias is already present in seeds.
Mechanism The authors infer that sex differences do not generate the bias.