Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T037 is a biocontrol agent that has been shown to enhance the uptake of nutrients (macro- and microelements) by plants in fields. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of SQR-T037 to P and microelement (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) nutrition in tomato plants grown in soil and in hydroponic conditions. Inoculation with SQR-T037 significantly improved the biomass and nutrient uptake of tomato seedlings grown in a nutrient-limiting soil. So we investigated the capability of SQR-T037 to solubilise sparingly soluble minerals in vitro via four known mechanisms: acidification by organic acids, chelation by siderophores, redox by ferric reductase and hydrolysis by phytase. SQR-T037 was able to solubilise phytate, Fe2O3, CuO, and metallic Zn but not Ca3(PO4)2 or MnO2. Organic acids, including lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and succinic acid, were detected by HPLC and LC/MS in two Trichoderma cultures. Additionally, we inoculated tomato seedlings with SQR-T037 using a hydroponic system with specific nutrient deficiencies (i.e., nutrient solutions deficient in P, Fe, Cu or Zn and supplemented with their corresponding solid minerals) to better study the effects of Trichoderma inoculation on plant growth and nutrition. Inoculated seedlings grown in Cu-deficient hydroponic conditions exhibited increases in dry plant biomass (92%) and Cu uptake (42%) relative to control plants. However, we did not observe a significant effect on seedling biomass in plants grown in the Fe- and Zn-deficient hydroponic conditions; by contrast, the biomass decreased by 82% in the P-deficient hydroponic condition. Thus, we demonstrated that Trichoderma SQR-T037 competed for P (phytate) and Zn with tomato seedlings by suppressing root development, releasing phytase and/or chelating minerals. The results of this study suggest that the induction of increased or suppressed plant growth occurs through the direct effect of T. harzianum on root development, in combination with indirect mechanisms, such as mineral solubilisation (including solubilisation via acidification, redox, chelation and hydrolysis).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SQR-T037 inoculation significantly improved tomato seedling biomass and nutrient uptake in nutrient limiting soil.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Inoculation with SQR-T037e0
- Interactor
- SQR-T037e0symbiont
- Outcome
- biomass and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with SQR-T037 significantly improved the biomass and nutrient uptake of tomato seedlings grown in a nutrient-limiting soil”
Claim · model-written summary
SQR-T037 solubilised phytate, Fe2O3, CuO, and metallic Zn in vitro.
- Interactor
- SQR-T037e0symbiont
- Outcome
- SQR-T037 was able to solubilise phytate, Fe2O3, CuO, and metallic Zne0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SQR-T037 was able to solubilise phytate, Fe2O3, CuO, and metallic Zn but not Ca3(PO4)2 or MnO2”
Claim · model-written summary
SQR-T037 did not solubilise Ca3(PO4)2 or MnO2.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SQR-T037 was able to solubilise phytate, Fe2O3, CuO, and metallic Zn but not Ca3(PO4)2 or MnO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic acids were detected in two Trichoderma cultures.
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Outcome
- Organic acids, including lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and succinic acide0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic acids, including lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and succinic acid, were detected by HPLC and LC/MS in two Trichoderma cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cu deficient hydroponics, inoculated seedlings had 92% greater dry plant biomass than controls.
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Outcome
- dry plant biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
- Setting
- Cu-deficient hydroponic conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated seedlings grown in Cu-deficient hydroponic conditions exhibited increases in dry plant biomass (92%) and Cu uptake (42%) relative to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cu deficient hydroponics, inoculated seedlings had 42% greater Cu uptake than controls.
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Outcome
- Cu uptakee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
- Setting
- Cu-deficient hydroponic conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated seedlings grown in Cu-deficient hydroponic conditions exhibited increases in dry plant biomass (92%) and Cu uptake (42%) relative to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation had no significant biomass effect under Fe and Zn deficiency.
- Outcome
- seedling biomasse0
- Direction
- did not observe a significant effecte0
- Setting
- Fe- and Zn-deficient hydroponic conditionse0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“we did not observe a significant effect on seedling biomass in plants grown in the Fe- and Zn-deficient hydroponic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P deficiency, inoculation decreased biomass by 82%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“the biomass decreased by 82% in the P-deficient hydroponic condition”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that SQR-T037 competed with tomato seedlings for P and Zn while suppressing root development and releasing phytase or chelating minerals.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma SQR-T037e0symbiont
- Outcome
- competed for P (phytate) and Zn with tomato seedlingse0
- Qualifier
- suppressing root development, releasing phytase and/or chelating mineralse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma SQR-T037 competed for P (phytate) and Zn with tomato seedlings by suppressing root development, releasing phytase and/or chelating minerals”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest direct root effects and mineral solubilisation jointly explain increased or suppressed tomato growth.
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- increased or suppressed plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- direct effect of T. harzianum on root development, in combination with indirect mechanisms, such as mineral solubilisatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the induction of increased or suppressed plant growth occurs through the direct effect of T. harzianum on root development, in combination with indirect mechanisms, such as mineral solubilisation”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
84 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →inoculation · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
386 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
437 papers more in this group
See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.