Abstract
We seeded Agropyron cristatum and 16 native Great Basin perennial species on Bromus tectorum–dominated sites to compare temporal patterns of seedling emergence and early survival among species. To indicate variability between sites and between years, plots were planted on 2 sites in western Utah in autumn 1994, and plantings were repeated near 1 site in autumn 1995. Two sites included burned and unburned seedbed treatments. We monitored seedling emergence and survival from early winter until July of the 1st year. Four seasonal patterns of emergence were evident, indicating considerable potential for different seasonal patterns of precipitation to favor recruitment of different species. Emergence of all shrubs, except Ephedra nevadensis, began in February and essentially ended by April. Seedlings of Ephedra nevadensis and of the grasses Agropyron and Pseudoroegneria spicata emerged over an extended period from February through June. Most other grasses and the 2 forbs began emerging in April and continued into June. Pleuraphis jamesii emergence did not begin until May. Although many seedlings of the 3 chenopod shrubs emerged, none survived, suggesting their episodic recruitment is more a function of survival than of emergence. Survival of 2 Chrysothamnus species was also low. Pseudoroegneria and Agropyron had the highest numbers of seedlings surviving on the moister site, followed by Elymus elymoides and Stipa comata. Survival of Agropyron, but not the native Elymus, was more depressed on the drier of the 2 sites planted in 1994. Stipa, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Pleuraphis, and Ephedra survived as well on the drier site as on the moister site, or better. On the 1995 planting site Bromus was greatly reduced by the burn treatment, and, in contrast to the effect of burn treatments on the 1994 site, survival of all species except Oryzopsis and Ephedra was higher on burned than on unburned treatments. Overall, Stipa, Oryzopsis, and Pleuraphis had low emergence but consistently high survival.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Four seasonal emergence patterns were evident among the seeded species.
Verbatim
e0“Four seasonal patterns of emergence were evident”
t0“Great Basin Perennial Plant Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Most shrubs except Ephedra nevadensis emerged from February to April.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence of all shrubs, except Ephedra nevadensis, began in February and essentially ended by April.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ephedra nevadensis seedlings emerged from February through June.
- Taxon
- Ephedra nevadensis
Ephedra nevadensise0 - Outcome
- emerged over an extended period from February through Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Ephedra nevadensis and of the grasses Agropyron and Pseudoroegneria spicata emerged over an extended period from February through June.”
Claim · model-written summary
Agropyron seedlings emerged from February through June.
- Outcome
- emerged over an extended period from February through Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Ephedra nevadensis and of the grasses Agropyron and Pseudoroegneria spicata emerged over an extended period from February through June.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudoroegneria spicata seedlings emerged from February through June.
- Taxon
- Pseudoroegneria spicata
.jpg?width=60)
Pseudoroegneria spicatae0 - Outcome
- emerged over an extended period from February through Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Ephedra nevadensis and of the grasses Agropyron and Pseudoroegneria spicata emerged over an extended period from February through June.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most other grasses and two forbs began emerging in April and continued into June.
Verbatim
e0“Most other grasses and the 2 forbs began emerging in April and continued into June.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pleuraphis jamesii emergence began in May.
- Taxon
- Pleuraphis jamesii
.jpg?width=60)
Hilaria jamesiie0 - Outcome
- emergence did not begin until Maye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pleuraphis jamesii emergence did not begin until May.”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the emerged chenopod shrub seedlings survived.
Verbatim
e0“Although many seedlings of the 3 chenopod shrubs emerged, none survived”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival of two Chrysothamnus species was low.
- Taxon
- Chrysothamnus species
Chrysothamnuse0 - Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival of 2 Chrysothamnus species was also low.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudoroegneria and Agropyron had the most surviving seedlings at the moister site.
- Taxon
- Pseudoroegneria and Agropyron
Agropyron
Pseudoroegneriae0 - Outcome
- numbers of seedlings survivinge0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- moister sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudoroegneria and Agropyron had the highest numbers of seedlings surviving on the moister site”
Claim · model-written summary
Agropyron survival was more depressed at the drier 1994 site.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival of Agropyron, but not the native Elymus, was more depressed on the drier of the 2 sites planted in 1994.”
Claim · model-written summary
Native Elymus survival was not more depressed at the drier 1994 site.
ElymusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival of Agropyron, but not the native Elymus, was more depressed on the drier of the 2 sites planted in 1994.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stipa, Oryzopsis hymenoides and Pleuraphis survived at least as well at the drier site.
- Taxon
- Stipa, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Pleuraphis
Stipa
Stipa hymenoides.JPG?width=60)
Hilariae0 - Outcome
- survivede0
- Direction
- as welle0
- Comparator
- moister sitee0
- Setting
- drier sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Stipa, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Pleuraphis, and Ephedra survived as well on the drier site as on the moister site, or better.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ephedra survived at least as well at the drier site.
EphedraOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stipa, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Pleuraphis, and Ephedra survived as well on the drier site as on the moister site, or better.”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning greatly reduced Bromus at the 1995 site.
BromusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 1995 planting site Bromus was greatly reduced by the burn treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1995, burning increased survival of all species except Oryzopsis and Ephedra.
Verbatim
e0“survival of all species except Oryzopsis and Ephedra was higher on burned than on unburned treatments.”
t0“Great Basin Perennial Plant Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Stipa, Oryzopsis and Pleuraphis had low emergence but consistently high survival.
- Outcome
- low emergence but consistently high survivale0
OryzopsisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, Stipa, Oryzopsis, and Pleuraphis had low emergence but consistently high survival.”