Abstract
The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth and leaf surface characteristics of important rangeland weeds Cynoglossum officinale L. (houndstongue), Centaurea diffusa Lam. (diffuse knapweed), and Tragopogon pratensis L. (meadow salsify) was investigated in a greenhouse by exposing seedlings to 0, 7, or 11 kJ m −2 d −1 of biologically effective UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation reduced leaf, stem, and root fresh weights, leaf area, and leaf: shoot ratio and increased shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, and leaf greenness of C. officinale seedlings. Leaf, stem, and root fresh weight, and leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings decreased, whereas shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratio, and leaf greenness were unaffected. T. pratensis seedlings exposed to UV-B radiation had diminished leaf greenness, but no change was observed in leaf or stem fresh weight, leaf area, or leaf: shoot ratio. Uniseriate trichome abundance in C. officinale seedlings increased and trichome orientation changed in response to UV-B exposure. UV-B treatments decreased uniseriate trichome abundance in C. diffusa ; glandular trichome abundance and the ratio of glandular: uniseriate trichomes were not affected. T. pratensis seedlings showed no change in the amount of epicuticular wax on the adaxial leaf surface in response to UV-B irradiation. Shoot dry weight was not influenced by removal of epicuticular wax prior to UV-B exposure. Results suggest that epicuticular wax is not an important factor in acclimation of T. pratensis seedlings to UV-B radiation. Susceptibility to UV-B–induced damage was greatest for C. officinale seedlings and least for T. pratensis seedlings. Modification of plant morphology or reduction in growth induced by enhanced UV-B radiation may influence competitive relationships between rangeland weeds and their associated forage species.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation reduced leaf, stem and root fresh weights of Cynoglossum officinale seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. officinale
Cynoglossum officinalee1 - Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf, stem, and root fresh weightse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“UV-B radiation reduced leaf, stem, and root fresh weights, leaf area, and leaf: shoot ratio and increased shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, and leaf greenness of C. officinale seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation reduced leaf area and the leaf:shoot ratio of C. officinale seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area, and leaf: shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“UV-B radiation reduced leaf, stem, and root fresh weights, leaf area, and leaf: shoot ratio and increased shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, and leaf greenness of C. officinale seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation increased shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight and leaf greenness of C. officinale seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, and leaf greennesse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“UV-B radiation reduced leaf, stem, and root fresh weights, leaf area, and leaf: shoot ratio and increased shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, and leaf greenness of C. officinale seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation decreased leaf, stem and root fresh weight of Centaurea diffusa seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. diffusa
Centaurea diffusae1 - Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- Leaf, stem, and root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“Leaf, stem, and root fresh weight, and leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings decreased, whereas shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratio, and leaf greenness were unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation decreased leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. diffusaCentaurea diffusae1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“Leaf, stem, and root fresh weight, and leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings decreased, whereas shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratio, and leaf greenness were unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight and leaf:shoot ratio of C. diffusa seedlings were unaffected by UV-B radiation.
- Taxon
- C. diffusaCentaurea diffusae1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“Leaf, stem, and root fresh weight, and leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings decreased, whereas shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratio, and leaf greenness were unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf greenness of C. diffusa seedlings was unaffected by UV-B radiation.
- Taxon
- C. diffusaCentaurea diffusae1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf greennesse1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“Leaf, stem, and root fresh weight, and leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings decreased, whereas shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratio, and leaf greenness were unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposure diminished leaf greenness of Tragopogon pratensis seedlings.
- Taxon
- T. pratensis
Tragopogon pratensise1 - Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf greennesse1
- Direction
- diminishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“T. pratensis seedlings exposed to UV-B radiation had diminished leaf greenness, but no change was observed in leaf or stem fresh weight, leaf area, or leaf: shoot ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposure caused no change in leaf or stem fresh weight of T. pratensis seedlings.
- Taxon
- T. pratensisTragopogon pratensise1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf or stem fresh weighte1
- Direction
- no changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“T. pratensis seedlings exposed to UV-B radiation had diminished leaf greenness, but no change was observed in leaf or stem fresh weight, leaf area, or leaf: shoot ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B exposure caused no change in leaf area or leaf:shoot ratio of T. pratensis seedlings.
- Taxon
- T. pratensisTragopogon pratensise1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area, or leaf: shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- no changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“T. pratensis seedlings exposed to UV-B radiation had diminished leaf greenness, but no change was observed in leaf or stem fresh weight, leaf area, or leaf: shoot ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Uniseriate trichome abundance in C. officinale seedlings increased in response to UV-B exposure.
- Taxon
- C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- Uniseriate trichome abundancee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“Uniseriate trichome abundance in C. officinale seedlings increased and trichome orientation changed in response to UV-B exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichome orientation in C. officinale seedlings changed in response to UV-B exposure.
- Taxon
- C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- trichome orientatione1
- Direction
- changede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“Uniseriate trichome abundance in C. officinale seedlings increased and trichome orientation changed in response to UV-B exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B treatments decreased uniseriate trichome abundance in C. diffusa.
- Taxon
- C. diffusaCentaurea diffusae1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- uniseriate trichome abundancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“UV-B treatments decreased uniseriate trichome abundance in C. diffusa ; glandular trichome abundance and the ratio of glandular: uniseriate trichomes were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Glandular trichome abundance and the ratio of glandular to uniseriate trichomes in C. diffusa were not affected by UV-B treatments.
- Taxon
- C. diffusaCentaurea diffusae1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- glandular trichome abundance and the ratio of glandular: uniseriate trichomese1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“UV-B treatments decreased uniseriate trichome abundance in C. diffusa ; glandular trichome abundance and the ratio of glandular: uniseriate trichomes were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
T. pratensis seedlings showed no change in the amount of epicuticular wax on the adaxial leaf surface in response to UV-B irradiation.
- Taxon
- T. pratensisTragopogon pratensise1
- Organ / stage
- adaxial leaf surfacee1
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiatione0
- Outcome
- amount of epicuticular waxe1
- Direction
- no changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth”
e1“T. pratensis seedlings showed no change in the amount of epicuticular wax on the adaxial leaf surface in response to UV-B irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight of T. pratensis seedlings was not influenced by removal of epicuticular wax before UV-B exposure.
- Taxon
- T. pratensisTragopogon pratensise1
- Treatment
- removal of epicuticular waxe1
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- not influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Shoot dry weight was not influenced by removal of epicuticular wax prior to UV-B exposure. Results suggest that epicuticular wax is not an important factor in acclimation of T. pratensis seedlings to UV-B radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that epicuticular wax is not an important factor in acclimation of T. pratensis seedlings to UV-B radiation.
- Taxon
- T. pratensisTragopogon pratensise1
- Outcome
- acclimation of T. pratensis seedlings to UV-B radiatione1
- Qualifier
- epicuticular wax is not an important factore1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Shoot dry weight was not influenced by removal of epicuticular wax prior to UV-B exposure. Results suggest that epicuticular wax is not an important factor in acclimation of T. pratensis seedlings to UV-B radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptibility to UV-B-induced damage was greatest for C. officinale seedlings.
- Taxon
- C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee1
- Outcome
- Susceptibility to UV-B–induced damagee1
- Direction
- greateste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Susceptibility to UV-B–induced damage was greatest for C. officinale seedlings and least for T. pratensis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptibility to UV-B-induced damage was least for T. pratensis seedlings.
- Taxon
- T. pratensisTragopogon pratensise1
- Outcome
- Susceptibility to UV-B–induced damagee1
- Direction
- leaste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Susceptibility to UV-B–induced damage was greatest for C. officinale seedlings and least for T. pratensis seedlings”