Cynoglossum officinale 246 claims

Claim · model-written summary

Elastic modulus and hardness of hooks decrease from Cynoglossum officinale to Galium aparine to Arctium minus.

Taxon

C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee3

Outcome

Elastic modulus and hardnesse3

Direction

decreasee3

Comparator

G. aparinee3

Verbatim

e0

“we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray element analysis and nanoindentation, to examine the microstructure, biomineralization and mechanical properties of single hooks in Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparine”

e3

“Elastic modulus and hardness decrease in the series C. officinaleG. aparineA. minus”

Claim · model-written summary

Biomineralization and mechanical properties of the hooks differ strongly among the examined species.

Taxon

Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparineGalium aparineArctium minusCynoglossum officinalee0

Outcome

biomineralization and mechanical propertiese1

Verbatim

e0

“we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray element analysis and nanoindentation, to examine the microstructure, biomineralization and mechanical properties of single hooks in Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparine”

e1

“Both the biomineralization and mechanical properties of the hooks strongly differ in examined plant species”

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical properties of hooks depend on biomineralization, through accumulation of silicon and calcium.

Taxon

Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparineGalium aparineArctium minusCynoglossum officinalee0

Compound

silicon and calciume2

Outcome

mechanical propertiese2

Verbatim

e0

“we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray element analysis and nanoindentation, to examine the microstructure, biomineralization and mechanical properties of single hooks in Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparine”

e2

“mechanical properties depend on the biomineralization pattern, such as the accumulation of silicon and calcium”

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical properties of hooks are anisotropic between the radial and longitudinal directions.

Taxon

Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparineGalium aparineArctium minusCynoglossum officinalee0

Outcome

Anisotropic mechanical propertiese4

Qualifier

between the radial and longitudinal directionse4

Verbatim

e0

“we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray element analysis and nanoindentation, to examine the microstructure, biomineralization and mechanical properties of single hooks in Arctium minus, Cynoglossum officinale and Galium aparine”

e4

“Anisotropic mechanical properties are found between the radial and longitudinal directions in each single hook”

Claim · model-written summary

Female weevils preferred C. officinale to every tested plant species using olfactory or visual cues.

Taxon

C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee0

Interactor

weevilsCurculionidaee0herbivore

Outcome

preferred C. officinalee0

Direction

preferrede0

Comparator

all tested plant speciese0

Verbatim

e0

“Female weevils preferred C. officinale to all tested plant species in dual-choice bioassays using either olfactory or visual cues”

Claim · model-written summary

Volatile compound analysis separated the five confamilial plant species from C. officinale.

Taxon

C. officinaleCynoglossum officinalee0

Outcome

effectively separated the five confamilial plant species and C. officinalee0

Value

61 volatile organic compoundse0

Verbatim

e0

“Principal component analysis based on 61 volatile organic compounds effectively separated the five confamilial plant species and C. officinale”

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that pre-alighting host selection studies can aid safety testing of weed biocontrol agents.

Taxon

Cynoglossum officinaleCynoglossum officinalee1

Outcome

can aid in environmental safety testing of weed biological control agentse0

Verbatim

e0

“studies on pre-alighting host selection behavior and the underlying physiological mechanisms of how organisms select host plants they exploit can aid in environmental safety testing of weed biological control agents”

e1

“invasive plant, Cynoglossum officinale”

Claim · model-written summary

New localities extended the known range of Cynoglossum officinale L..

Taxon

Cynoglossum officinale L.Cynoglossum officinalee0

Outcome

new localitiese0

Setting

southern regions of the Tomsk Regione0

Verbatim

e0

“for 4 rare adventive species (Bidens frondosa L., Impatiens parviflora DC., Cynoglossum officinale L., Hesperis pycnotricha Borbás et Degen), new localities were noted, indicating their further distribution in the southern regions of the Tomsk Region and extending the distribution range of the species.”

Claim · model-written summary

Mogulones crucifer rested longer and arrested more frequently in response to Cynoglossum officinale volatiles than to other plant species.

Taxon

Cynoglossum officinale L.Cynoglossum officinalee1

Treatment

C. officinale volatilese0

Interactor

Mogulones cruciferMogulones crucifere0other

Outcome

duration of resting and frequencies of arrestment behaviore0

Direction

greatere0

Comparator

other plant speciese0

Verbatim

e0

“Mogulones crucifer consistently responded to C. officinale volatiles with greater duration of resting and frequencies of arrestment behavior compared to other plant species.”

e1

“its host, the invasive herbaceous Cynoglossum officinale L. (Boraginaceae)”

Claim · model-written summary

Mogulones crucifer behavior was unaffected by odors from confamilial nontarget plants.

Taxon

Cynoglossum officinale L.Cynoglossum officinalee2

Treatment

odors of confamilials of C. officinalee0

Interactor

Mogulones cruciferMogulones crucifere1other

Outcome

M. crucifer behaviore0

Direction

unaffectede0

Verbatim

e0

“M. crucifer behavior was unaffected by odors of confamilials of C. officinale”

e1

“biocontrol agent Mogulones crucifer Pallas”

e2

“the invasive herbaceous Cynoglossum officinale L.”