Abstract
Whole corn plants (33% dry matter) were chopped and ensiled in laboratory silos of 9.1 kg each. Prior to ensiling, the material was mixed with 0, .51, 1.04, 1.44 and 1.99% ammonia (of dry matter) enriched with sufficient 1 5N as (NH4)2S04 to increase the 1 5N content of all treatments .1 atom percent (from .35 to .45% of the total nitrogen in silage). Samples from each treatment were immediately frozen as unfermented controls. After 126 days of fermentation, silos were opened and analyzed for nitrogen fraction and the 1 5N content of the fractions. Silages ranged from 32 to 34% dry matter. The pH was directly related to ammonia additions. Lactic acid increased with added ammonia up to 1.04% (dry matter basis) and decreased with the higher percentages of ammonia. Recovery of nitrogen added to silage was 95%. Total nitrogen (of dry matter) for the respective treatments was 1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44 and 2.92%. In freshly chopped corn plants, 40% of the added ammonia was recovered as ammonia in the water-insoluble nitrogen fraction, which accounted for all of the increase in insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silage. After fermentation, insoluble nitrogen of the respective treatments was .71, .98, 1.11, 1.26 and 1.26% of dry matter. The 1 5N analyses showed that 28% of the added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen in fermented silage which accounted for only 59% of the total increase in insoluble nitrogen. The remainder of the increase in insoluble nitrogen (41%) could not be attributed to direct ammonia incorporation, and was presumably due to a decreased breakdown of plant protein caused by ammonia addition. Of the ammonia found in the insoluble nitrogen fraction, 80 to 90% remained as ammonia, and 10 to 20% was nonammonia nitrogen. Release of 1 5N from the insoluble nitrogen fraction by papain digestion suggests some incorporation of ammonia by silage microorganisms.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Silage dry matter ranged from 32 to 34%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Silages ranged from 32 to 34% dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage pH rose with ammonia additions.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The pH was directly related to ammonia additions”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic acid rose with ammonia through 1.04%.
- Treatment
- added ammoniae0
- Outcome
- Lactic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to 1.04% (dry matter basis)e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lactic acid increased with added ammonia up to 1.04% (dry matter basis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic acid declined at higher ammonia percentages.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lactic acid increased with added ammonia up to 1.04% (dry matter basis) and decreased with the higher percentages of ammonia”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery of added nitrogen was 95%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of nitrogen added to silage was 95%”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen for five respective treatments was 1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44, and 2.92%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Total nitrogen (of dry matter) for the respective treatments was 1.28, 1.66, 2.04, 2.44 and 2.92%”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty percent of added ammonia in fresh corn was recovered in insoluble nitrogen.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- added ammonia was recovered as ammonia in the water-insoluble nitrogen fractione0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In freshly chopped corn plants, 40% of the added ammonia was recovered as ammonia in the water-insoluble nitrogen fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
That recovery accounted for all increased insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silage.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“which accounted for all of the increase in insoluble nitrogen in unfermented silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Insoluble nitrogen after fermentation was .71, .98, 1.11, 1.26, and 1.26% across treatments.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“After fermentation, insoluble nitrogen of the respective treatments was .71, .98, 1.11, 1.26 and 1.26% of dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-eight percent of added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen after fermentation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“28% of the added ammonia was recovered as insoluble nitrogen in fermented silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct incorporation accounted for 59% of increased insoluble nitrogen.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“which accounted for only 59% of the total increase in insoluble nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining 41% increase was attributed to reduced plant-protein breakdown.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The remainder of the increase in insoluble nitrogen (41%) could not be attributed to direct ammonia incorporation, and was presumably due to a decreased breakdown of plant protein caused by ammonia addition”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighty to ninety percent of ammonia in insoluble nitrogen remained ammonia.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“80 to 90% remained as ammonia”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten to twenty percent of ammonia in insoluble nitrogen was nonammonia nitrogen.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“10 to 20% was nonammonia nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Papain digestion suggests microbial incorporation of ammonia.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Release of 1 5N from the insoluble nitrogen fraction by papain digestion suggests some incorporation of ammonia by silage microorganisms”