Abstract
Aims: The aim of this work is to test the effects of soil-applied nitrogen (N) at budbreak and subsequent foliar-applied N at veraison on the N composition and partitioning in berries of water stressed Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc vines. Methods and results: N fertilizer was applied to the soil at budbreak at doses of 30 or 60 kg N/ha, while the control did not receive any treatment. This did not increase N content of leaves and the vines showed symptoms of N deficiency from the beginning of the season. In order to overcome this deficiency, N foliar sprayings were applied at veraison at doses of 2.5 or 5 kg N/ha to vines having received 30 or 60 kg N/ha of soil-applied N, respectively. Total N of berry flesh responded to N foliar fertilization more than that any other berry part, whereas amino acids in skins were the more affected by N foliar fertilization than those of other berry parts. Only the 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment produced a measurable increase in the total, assimilable and amino N in berry juices at maturity. Assimilable N was a better indicator for N summer uptake by the vine than total N. Of all amino acids, arginine showed the highest increases following N fertilization and could be considered among the better indicators to distinguish between N summer fertilization treatments. Conclusion: In conditions of severe water deficit and N deficiency, fertilization at a dose of 60 kg/ha soil-applied N combined with 5 kg/ha foliar-applied N improved fruit fermentability. Results support the use of foliar fertilization at veraison as a tool for enhancing grape quality and to a certain extent the style of wine. Significance and impact of study: This work helps to provide insight into the effect of N soil fertilization along with foliar fertilization on waterstressed vines. This may be useful in fertilization programs in the Mediterranean area and may help to choose the type and the rate of the N fertilization in case of severe vine water deficit. Also, we provide information of utmost importance on the distribution of summer foliarapplied N in grape tissues.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The vines showed nitrogen deficiency symptoms from the start of the season.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferat0 - Outcome
- symptoms of N deficiencye0
- Qualifier
- from the beginning of the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the vines showed symptoms of N deficiency from the beginning of the season.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen increased total nitrogen in berry flesh more than in other berry parts.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- N foliar fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Total N of berry fleshe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- any other berry parte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total N of berry flesh responded to N foliar fertilization more than that any other berry part”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen affected skin amino acids more than amino acids in other berry parts.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- N foliar fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- amino acids in skinse0
- Comparator
- those of other berry partse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amino acids in skins were the more affected by N foliar fertilization than those of other berry parts.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment measurably increased total nitrogen in mature berry juice.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- berry juices at maturitye0
- Treatment
- 60 soil/5 foliar N treatmente0
- Outcome
- totale0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only the 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment produced a measurable increase in the total, assimilable and amino N in berry juices at maturity.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment measurably increased assimilable nitrogen in mature berry juice.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- berry juices at maturitye0
- Treatment
- 60 soil/5 foliar N treatmente0
- Outcome
- assimilablee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only the 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment produced a measurable increase in the total, assimilable and amino N in berry juices at maturity.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment measurably increased amino nitrogen in mature berry juice.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- berry juices at maturitye0
- Treatment
- 60 soil/5 foliar N treatmente0
- Outcome
- amino Ne0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only the 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment produced a measurable increase in the total, assimilable and amino N in berry juices at maturity.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Assimilable nitrogen was a better indicator of summer nitrogen uptake than total nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- indicator for N summer uptakee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- total Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assimilable N was a better indicator for N summer uptake by the vine than total N.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine showed the largest increase among amino acids after nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- argininee0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
- Comparator
- all amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of all amino acids, arginine showed the highest increases following N fertilization”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine could help distinguish summer nitrogen fertilization treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- indicators to distinguish between N summer fertilization treatmentse0
- Qualifier
- could be considerede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“arginine showed the highest increases following N fertilization and could be considered among the better indicators to distinguish between N summer fertilization treatments.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar nitrogen improved fruit fermentability during severe water and nitrogen deficiency.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- 60 kg/ha soil-applied N combined with 5 kg/ha foliar-applied Ne0
- Outcome
- fruit fermentabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- severe water deficit and N deficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conditions of severe water deficit and N deficiency, fertilization at a dose of 60 kg/ha soil-applied N combined with 5 kg/ha foliar-applied N improved fruit fermentability.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support foliar nitrogen at veraison to improve grape quality and wine style to some extent.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- use of foliar fertilization at veraisone0
- Qualifier
- to a certain extente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results support the use of foliar fertilization at veraison as a tool for enhancing grape quality and to a certain extent the style of wine.”
t0“Vitis vinifera L.”
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