Abstract
Tropical dry forests are characterized by a high diversity of tree communities and extremely heterogeneous water availability. The tree Alvaradoa amorphoides is a pioneer species of the tropical dry forest found in Xochicalco, Morelos, Mexico. To determine the water requirements for this species to germinate, we evaluated the seed germination rates under field and laboratory conditions. In the field, the seeds had an overall mean germination rate of 42%, but the rate varied between the different sites independent of the soil relative humidity and landscape. Alvaradoa amorphoides seeds exposed to a water potential of -0.5 MPa delayed germination, extending Phase II. At the -1.0 and -1.5 MPa water potentials, germination was inhibited by 80 and 100%, respectively, but the seeds remained viable. Although, the oxygen consumption did not differ between the treatments, the respiration profiles did not show the same triphasic curve as the control. The H2O2 and O2- levels were not significantly different in the seeds at the evaluated low-water potentials (-0.5 and -1.0 MPa), nor were the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activity. Only ascorbate peroxidase activity was inhibited at these two water potentials. Our data showed that the A. amorphoides seeds remained in phase II during low water potentials without high levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and continued to be viable; this latter fact might explain the low influence of the humidity and landscape on the germination performance in the field.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, A. amorphoides seeds had an overall mean germination rate of 42%.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoides
Alvaradoa amorphoidest0 - Outcome
- overall mean germination ratee1
- Value
- 42%e1
- Setting
- fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the field, the seeds had an overall mean germination rate of 42%”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, the germination rate of A. amorphoides varied between sites independent of soil relative humidity and landscape.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Outcome
- rate varied between the different sitese1
- Setting
- different sitese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rate varied between the different sites independent of the soil relative humidity and landscape”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
A. amorphoides seeds exposed to a water potential of -0.5 MPa showed delayed germination.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidese1
- Treatment
- water potential of -0.5 MPae1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alvaradoa amorphoides seeds exposed to a water potential of -0.5 MPa delayed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
At a water potential of -1.0 MPa germination of A. amorphoides seeds was inhibited by 80%.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Treatment
- -1.0e1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 80e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the -1.0 and -1.5 MPa water potentials, germination was inhibited by 80 and 100%, respectively”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
At a water potential of -1.5 MPa germination of A. amorphoides seeds was inhibited by 100%.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Treatment
- -1.5 MPa water potentialse1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 100%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At the -1.0 and -1.5 MPa water potentials, germination was inhibited by 80 and 100%, respectively”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds exposed to the inhibiting water potentials remained viable.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Outcome
- seeds remained viablee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but the seeds remained viable”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen consumption of the seeds did not differ between the water potential treatments.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Treatment
- treatmentse1
- Outcome
- oxygen consumptione1
- Direction
- did not differe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the oxygen consumption did not differ between the treatments”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiration profiles of the treated seeds did not show the same triphasic curve as the control.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Outcome
- respiration profilese1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the respiration profiles did not show the same triphasic curve as the control”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 and O2- levels in the seeds were not significantly different at the low water potentials of -0.5 and -1.0 MPa.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Treatment
- low-water potentials (-0.5 and -1.0 MPa)e1
- Outcome
- H2O2 and O2- levelse1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The H2O2 and O2- levels were not significantly different in the seeds at the evaluated low-water potentials (-0.5 and -1.0 MPa), nor were the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activity”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities in the seeds were not significantly different at the low water potentials of -0.5 and -1.0 MPa.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Treatment
- low-water potentials (-0.5 and -1.0 MPa)e1
- Outcome
- catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activitye1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The H2O2 and O2- levels were not significantly different in the seeds at the evaluated low-water potentials (-0.5 and -1.0 MPa), nor were the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activity”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
Only ascorbate peroxidase activity was inhibited at the two low water potentials.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Treatment
- these two water potentialse1
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase activitye1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Only ascorbate peroxidase activity was inhibited at these two water potentials”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”
Claim · model-written summary
A. amorphoides seeds remained in phase II during low water potentials without high levels of reactive oxygen species production.
- Taxon
- A. amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidese1
- Treatment
- low water potentialse1
- Outcome
- remained in phase IIe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our data showed that the A. amorphoides seeds remained in phase II during low water potentials without high levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that the seeds continuing to be viable might explain the low influence of humidity and landscape on field germination.
- Taxon
- Alvaradoa amorphoidesAlvaradoa amorphoidest0
- Outcome
- low influence of the humidity and landscape on the germination performancee1
- Qualifier
- continued to be viablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“continued to be viable; this latter fact might explain the low influence of the humidity and landscape on the germination performance in the field”
t0“Alvaradoa amorphoides”