Abstract
Mechanisms of salt tolerance were estimated in terms of the ATPase activity in roots, the Na excluding- ability of roots, and the regulation of Na translocation from roots to shoot by comparing Na tolerant plants (barley) and Na sensitive plants (rice) grown at high NaCl concentrations. The results obtained were as follows. 1. As the relative dry weight (dry weight at high NaCl concentration in the medium to the dry weight at 2 mM NaCl concentration in medium) of rice decreased remarkably with the increase of NaCl concentration in the medium compared to that of barley, salt tolerance of barley was higher than that of rice. High salt tolerance of barley was ascribed to the fact that Na translocation from roots to shoot was prevented at high NaCl concentration in the growth medium.2. ATPase activity in roots of rice decreased remarkably with the increase of NaCl concentration (50 to 200 mM NaCl), while that of barley grown at a high NaCl concentration remained high. Since the effect of the NaCl concentration in the reaction solution on the ATPase activity in vitro was negligible, high NaCl concentration in medium may not inhibit directly ATPase but may inhibit indirectly ATPase synthesis or denature membranes, etc.3. ATPase activities in the plasma membrane and tonoplast of barley roots were higher than those of rice when roots were exposed to NaCl concentrations in the range from 0 to 25 mM in the medium.4. When 22Na tracer experiment was conducted over a short period of time, both Na exclusion from roots and Na retranslocation from shoot to roots were higher in rice than in barley, regardless of Na concentration (2 to 150 mM Na) in medium because ATPase activity of the plasma membrane and tonoplast in rice roots remained high under short Na treatment. In rice other factors were involved, such as Na sensitivity of leaf tissues after prolonged exposure. Thus, immediately after the exposure of roots to NaCl, roots of rice plants actively excluded Na from roots to medium, and a large amount of Na was retranslocated from shoots to roots in rice plant compared to barley. However, when rice plants were exposed to high NaCl concentrations for a long period of time, the functions of Na exclusion and Na retranslocation from shoots to roots could not be maintained because the ATPase activity of roots of rice plants decreased due to the high Na concentration in the medium, and the metabolism of leaf tissues was more sensitive to Na in rice than in barley.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Barley had higher salt tolerance than rice as relative dry weight fell more in rice.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- salt tolerance of barleye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As the relative dry weight (dry weight at high NaCl concentration in the medium to the dry weight at 2 mM NaCl concentration in medium) of rice decreased remarkably with the increase of NaCl concentration in the medium compared to that of barley, salt tolerance of barley was higher than that of rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice relative dry weight decreased with increasing medium NaCl more than barley.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- relative dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative dry weight (dry weight at high NaCl concentration in the medium to the dry weight at 2 mM NaCl concentration in medium) of rice decreased remarkably with the increase of NaCl concentration in the medium compared to that of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley prevented sodium translocation from roots to shoots at high NaCl.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- roots to shoote0
- Treatment
- high NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- Na translocation from roots to shoote0
- Direction
- preventede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na translocation from roots to shoot was prevented at high NaCl concentration in the growth medium.”
t0“rice and barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice root ATPase activity decreased with medium NaCl from 50 to 200 mM.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration (50 to 200 mM NaCl)e0
- Gene
- ATPasee0
- Outcome
- ATPase activity in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATPase activity in roots of rice decreased remarkably with the increase of NaCl concentration (50 to 200 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley root ATPase activity remained high at high NaCl.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- high NaCl concentratione0
- Gene
- ATPasee1
- Outcome
- remained highe0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of barley grown at a high NaCl concentration remained high.”
t0“rice and barley plants”
e1“ATPase activity in roots of rice decreased remarkably with the increase of NaCl concentration (50 to 200 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro NaCl had negligible effect on ATPase activity.
- Taxon
- rice and barley plantsHordeum vulgareOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration in the reaction solutione0
- Gene
- ATPasee0
- Outcome
- ATPase activity in vitroe0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of the NaCl concentration in the reaction solution on the ATPase activity in vitro was negligible”
t0“rice and barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley plasma membrane and tonoplast ATPase activities exceeded rice at 0 to 25 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentrations in the range from 0 to 25 mMe0
- Outcome
- ATPase activities in the plasma membrane and tonoplaste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATPase activities in the plasma membrane and tonoplast of barley roots were higher than those of rice when roots were exposed to NaCl concentrations in the range from 0 to 25 mM in the medium.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term sodium exclusion from roots was higher in rice than barley.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Na exclusion from rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- regardless of Na concentration (2 to 150 mM Na) in mediume0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Na exclusion from roots and Na retranslocation from shoot to roots were higher in rice than in barley, regardless of Na concentration (2 to 150 mM Na) in medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term sodium retranslocation from shoots to roots was higher in rice than barley.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shoot to rootse0
- Outcome
- Na retranslocation from shoot to rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Na exclusion from roots and Na retranslocation from shoot to roots were higher in rice than in barley, regardless of Na concentration (2 to 150 mM Na) in medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged high NaCl exposure impaired rice sodium exclusion and retranslocation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- high NaCl concentrationse0
- Outcome
- functions of Na exclusion and Na retranslocation from shoots to rootse0
- Direction
- could not be maintainede0
- Qualifier
- for a long period of timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when rice plants were exposed to high NaCl concentrations for a long period of time, the functions of Na exclusion and Na retranslocation from shoots to roots could not be maintained”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →sodium chloride · physiology: enzyme activity · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.