Abstract
The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in the released salt tolerant Pokkali, (vytilla, VTL 1-9) varieties were studied under different NaCl concentrations (0-150 mM NaCl). The specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) was determined in plants exposed to salt stress. IR-28 was used as positive control and the VTL varieties were used as negative control. The H2O2 and superoxide (O2-) contents were higher in IR-28 at all the applied concentrations of NaCl. The VTL varieties without salt treatment did not evoke any response substantiating the role of salt priming in antioxidant signalling. The MDA contents were higher in the positive and negative control. MDA content was reduced in the NaCl treated VTL varieties. In the positive and negative control varieties, the quantity of ascorbate and glutathione contents were lesser and upregulated in salt treated VTL varieties. Highest H2O2 content was observed in 150 mM NaCl treatment. The H2O2 contents decreased with the increase in all concentrations of NaCl and lowest H2O2 contents was observed in VTL-1 and highest in VTL-2 and VTL-8 treated with 150 mM NaCl. Superoxide contents varied in all the nine varieties depending on the salt concentration. The SOD levels in all the varieties showed a positive correlation with the superoxide and H2O2 content. Lesser quantities of SOD, CAT and the ascorbate - glutathione cycle enzymes were expressed in the positive and negative control. The increased NaCl concentration (25-150 mM) upregulated antioxidant and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes in the VTL varieties. The APX activity was lower in the control and salt treated plants. The GR activity increased linearly in all the varieties with respect to salt concentrations. The MDHAR and DHAR activities showed marginally linear increase, with all concentrations of NaCl. The APX activity was similar or lower to MDHAR activity while DHAR activity was similar to MDHAR activity. The results of the present study reveals the higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under salt stress reflect the salt tolerance potential of pokkali varieties mediated by the up regulation of ROS scavenging enzymes.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
IR-28 had higher hydrogen peroxide and superoxide than VTL varieties at all salt concentrations.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IR-28e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 and superoxide (O2-) contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- VTL varietiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The H2O2 and superoxide (O2-) contents were higher in IR-28 at all the applied concentrations of NaCl”
t0“Pokkali rice varieties – Vytilla 1-9”
t1“Pokkali rice varieties – Vytilla 1-9”
e1“The VTL varieties without salt treatment did not evoke any response”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated VTL varieties showed no antioxidant response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- VTL varietiese0
- Outcome
- any responsee0
- Direction
- did not evokee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The VTL varieties without salt treatment did not evoke any response”
t0“Pokkali rice varieties”
t1“Pokkali rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content was higher in positive and negative controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkalit0
- Outcome
- MDA contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MDA contents were higher in the positive and negative control”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment reduced MDA content in VTL varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- VTL varietiese0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatede0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content was reduced in the NaCl treated VTL varieties”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate content rose in salt treated VTL varieties relative to controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- VTL varietiese0
- Treatment
- salt treatede0
- Outcome
- ascorbatee0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- positive and negative control varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the positive and negative control varieties, the quantity of ascorbate and glutathione contents were lesser and upregulated in salt treated VTL varieties”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione content rose in salt treated VTL varieties relative to controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- VTL varietiese0
- Treatment
- salt treatede0
- Outcome
- glutathione contentse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- positive and negative control varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the positive and negative control varieties, the quantity of ascorbate and glutathione contents were lesser and upregulated in salt treated VTL varieties”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest hydrogen peroxide content was observed at 150 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- Higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest H2O2 content was observed in 150 mM NaCl treatment”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide content decreased as salt concentration increased, with the lowest in VTL-1 and highest in VTL-2 and VTL-8 at 150 mM.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- VTL-1e0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- highest in VTL-2 and VTL-8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The H2O2 contents decreased with the increase in all concentrations of NaCl and lowest H2O2 contents was observed in VTL-1 and highest in VTL-2 and VTL-8 treated with 150 mM NaCl”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide content varied among the nine varieties with salt concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- Superoxide contentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide contents varied in all the nine varieties depending on the salt concentration”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD levels correlated positively with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SODe0
- Outcome
- SOD levelse0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SOD levels in all the varieties showed a positive correlation with the superoxide and H2O2 content”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, CAT and ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzymes were lower in control varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT and the ascorbate - glutathione cycle enzymese0
- Outcome
- Lesser quantitiese0
- Direction
- Lessere0
- Comparator
- positive and negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lesser quantities of SOD, CAT and the ascorbate - glutathione cycle enzymes were expressed in the positive and negative control”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl concentration upregulated antioxidant and ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzymes in VTL varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- VTL varietiese0
- Treatment
- increased NaCl concentration (25-150 mM)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased NaCl concentration (25-150 mM) upregulated antioxidant and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes in the VTL varieties”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
APX activity was low in control and salt treated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- APXe0
- Outcome
- APX activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The APX activity was lower in the control and salt treated plants”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GR activity increased linearly with salt concentration in all varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt concentrationse0
- Gene
- GRe0
- Outcome
- GR activitye0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GR activity increased linearly in all the varieties with respect to salt concentrations”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MDHAR and DHAR activities increased marginally and linearly across salt concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all concentrations of NaCle0
- Gene
- MDHAR and DHARe0
- Outcome
- MDHAR and DHAR activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MDHAR and DHAR activities showed marginally linear increase, with all concentrations of NaCl”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
APX activity was similar to or lower than MDHAR activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- APXe0
- Outcome
- APX activitye0
- Direction
- similar or lowere0
- Comparator
- MDHAR activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The APX activity was similar or lower to MDHAR activity”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DHAR activity was similar to MDHAR activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DHAR activity was similar to MDHAR activity”
t0“Pokkali rice”
t1“Pokkali rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret higher antioxidants under salt as salt tolerance mediated by ROS scavenging enzymes.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under salt stress reflect the salt tolerance potential of pokkali varieties mediated by the up regulation of ROS scavenging enzymes”
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.