Abstract
This study was to evaluate the effects of girdling dates on dry matter (DW) increase and nutrient accumulations in permanent parts of 4- to 5-year-old 'Nishimurawase' persimmon (Diospyros kaki). Trees, grown in 70-L containers, were trunk-girdled to a 3 mm width on June 3, Aug. 3, and Sept. 3 in 2004 and 2005. The same girdling treatments were imposed to the same trees for two consecutive years. The trees were excavated on Oct. 28, 2004 and Nov. 17, 2005 for analysis. Calli were formed in more than 80% of the girdles in 30 to 45 days after the girdling; the wound healing was the slowest and visualized as incomplete in the Sept. 3-girdled trees. The girdling reduced the increase in DW more of the root than of the aerial woods; root DW decreased to 59% and 64% in 2004 and 74% and 56% of the control in 2005 by a June 3 and Sept. 3 girdling, respectively. Regardless of the dates, the girdling tended to reduce DW, carbohydrates, and inorganic elements of the roots, especially of the fine roots. The amount of root starch in June 3- and Sept. 3-girdled trees was 56% and 57% of the control in 2004, respectavely. In 2005, root soluble sugars and starch reduced mostly in Sept. 3-girdled trees to 52% and 46% of the control, respectively. Contents of root N, P, K, and Mg were the least in June 3-girdled trees in 2004 and in Sept. 3-girdled trees in 2005. There were no significant differences of inorganic elements in aerial woods in 2004, but P, K, and Mg contents were clearly reduced in Sept. 3-girdled trees in 2005. The consequences of the slow healing from a late girdling are discussed with regard to the susceptibility to winter injury, nutrient absorption, and tree growth.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
More than 80% of girdles formed calli within 30 to 45 days.
DiospyrosOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calli were formed in more than 80% of the girdles in 30 to 45 days after the girdling”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling healed slowest and remained visibly incomplete.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the wound healing was the slowest and visualized as incomplete in the Sept. 3-girdled trees”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling reduced root dry matter increase more than aerial wood dry matter.
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- increase in DWe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- aerial woodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The girdling reduced the increase in DW more of the root than of the aerial woods”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
June girdling reduced 2004 root dry matter to 59% of control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root DW decreased to 59% and 64% in 2004 and 74% and 56% of the control in 2005 by a June 3 and Sept. 3 girdling, respectively”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling reduced 2004 root dry matter to 64% of control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root DW decreased to 59% and 64% in 2004 and 74% and 56% of the control in 2005 by a June 3 and Sept. 3 girdling, respectively”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
June girdling reduced 2005 root dry matter to 74% of control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root DW decreased to 59% and 64% in 2004 and 74% and 56% of the control in 2005 by a June 3 and Sept. 3 girdling, respectively”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling reduced 2005 root dry matter to 56% of control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root DW decreased to 59% and 64% in 2004 and 74% and 56% of the control in 2005 by a June 3 and Sept. 3 girdling, respectively”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Girdling tended to reduce root dry matter, carbohydrates, and inorganic elements, especially in fine roots.
- Organ / stage
- fine rootse0
- Treatment
- girdlinge0
- Outcome
- DW, carbohydrates, and inorganic elements of the rootse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the dates, the girdling tended to reduce DW, carbohydrates, and inorganic elements of the roots, especially of the fine roots”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
June girdling lowered 2004 root starch to 56% of control.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of root starch in June 3- and Sept. 3-girdled trees was 56% and 57% of the control in 2004, respectavely”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling lowered 2004 root starch to 57% of control.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of root starch in June 3- and Sept. 3-girdled trees was 56% and 57% of the control in 2004, respectavely”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling reduced 2005 root soluble sugars to 52% of control.
- Treatment
- Sept. 3-girdlede0
- Outcome
- root soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Qualifier
- 2005e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2005, root soluble sugars and starch reduced mostly in Sept. 3-girdled trees to 52% and 46% of the control, respectively”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling reduced 2005 root starch to 46% of control.
- Treatment
- Sept. 3-girdlede0
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Qualifier
- 2005e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2005, root soluble sugars and starch reduced mostly in Sept. 3-girdled trees to 52% and 46% of the control, respectively”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Root N, P, K, and Mg were lowest after June girdling in 2004.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contents of root N, P, K, and Mg were the least in June 3-girdled trees in 2004”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Root N, P, K, and Mg were lowest after September girdling in 2005.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contents of root N, P, K, and Mg were the least in June 3-girdled trees in 2004 and in Sept. 3-girdled trees in 2005”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerial wood inorganic elements did not differ significantly in 2004.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences of inorganic elements in aerial woods in 2004”
t0“persimmon”
Claim · model-written summary
September girdling reduced aerial wood P, K, and Mg in 2005.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P, K, and Mg contents were clearly reduced in Sept. 3-girdled trees in 2005”
t0“persimmon”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · quality: sugar starch · DiospyrosPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.