Abstract
In this study, we assessed the relative contribution of organic and inorganic solutes to osmotic adjustment (OA) in three almond rootstocks subjected to four levels of soil salinity. The results showed that leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15, suggesting a higher selectivity for K + and Ca 2+ against Na + in this latter rootstock. GN15 excluded Na + and accumulated Cl - . Nevertheless, in this rootstock, Cl - and Na + were the main osmolytes involved in OA, while the osmotic role of K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ was small. Proline had the highest relative contribution of organic solutes to OA in the leaves of GN15 and GF677, while in Bitter almond it was not effective. The role of soluble sugars was rather marginal in terms of OA in all three genotypes. All three rootstocks displayed a degree of OA in the presence of high NaCl concentrations in the growth medium, but used different osmolytes to achieve it. Therefore, breeders should be careful in choosing biochemical parameters to assess OA capability of Prunus genotypes.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity affected leaf water and osmotic potentials in GF677.
- Taxon
- Almond
Prunus dulcist0 - Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf water and osmotic potentialse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity affected leaf water and osmotic potentials in Bitter almond.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- Bitter almonde0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf water and osmotic potentialse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity affected leaf water and osmotic potentials less in GN15.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e0
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- leaf water and osmotic potentialse1
- Direction
- less soe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but less so in GN15, suggesting a higher selectivity for K + and Ca 2+ against Na + in this latter rootstock”
t0“Salt Tolerance of Three Almond Rootstocks: Contribution of Organic and Inorganic Solutes to Osmotic Adjustment”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
GN15 showed higher selectivity for K + and Ca 2+ against Na +.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e1
- Outcome
- selectivity for K + and Ca 2+ against Na +e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting a higher selectivity for K + and Ca 2+ against Na + in this latter rootstock”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
GN15 excluded Na +.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e0
- Outcome
- excluded Na +e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GN15 excluded Na + and accumulated Cl -”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
GN15 accumulated Cl -.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e0
- Outcome
- Cl -e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GN15 excluded Na + and accumulated Cl -”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Cl - and Na + were the main osmolytes in GN15 osmotic adjustment.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e1
- Outcome
- Cl - and Na + were the main osmolytes involved in OAe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cl - and Na + were the main osmolytes involved in OA”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
K +, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ had a small osmotic role in GN15.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e1
- Outcome
- osmotic role of K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+e0
- Direction
- smalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the osmotic role of K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ was small”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline made the highest relative organic-solute contribution to leaf osmotic adjustment in GN15.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GN15e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- relative contribution of organic solutes to OAe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline had the highest relative contribution of organic solutes to OA in the leaves of GN15 and GF677”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline made the highest relative organic-solute contribution to leaf osmotic adjustment in GF677.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- relative contribution of organic solutes to OAe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline had the highest relative contribution of organic solutes to OA in the leaves of GN15 and GF677”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline was not effective for osmotic adjustment in Bitter almond.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Material
- Bitter almonde0
- Outcome
- not effectivee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in Bitter almond it was not effective”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugars contributed marginally to osmotic adjustment in all three genotypes.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Outcome
- role of soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- rather marginale0
- Qualifier
- all three genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The role of soluble sugars was rather marginal in terms of OA in all three genotypes”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
All three rootstocks displayed osmotic adjustment at high NaCl concentrations.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- high NaCl concentrationse0
- Outcome
- a degree of OAe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three rootstocks displayed a degree of OA in the presence of high NaCl concentrations in the growth medium”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
The three rootstocks used different osmolytes to achieve osmotic adjustment.
- Taxon
- AlmondPrunus dulcist0
- Outcome
- used different osmolytese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but used different osmolytes to achieve it”
t0“Three Almond Rootstocks”
e1“leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in GF677 and Bitter almond, but less so in GN15”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeders should take care when choosing biochemical parameters to assess osmotic-adjustment capability of Prunus genotypes.
- Outcome
- be careful in choosing biochemical parameters to assess OA capabilitye0
PrunusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“breeders should be careful in choosing biochemical parameters to assess OA capability of Prunus genotypes”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: water · Prunus dulcis (almond)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
salinity · physiology: water · Prunus dulcis (almond)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.