Abstract
SummaryThe effect of paclobutrazol (1000 ppm), daminozide (1800 ppm), and the gibberellins GA3, GA4, GA7 and GA4+7 (500 ppm), applied alone or in various combinations on shoot growth and flower-bud formation was determined for one-year-old (two experiments) or two-year-old (one experiment) cv Cox’s Orange Pippin trees in pots. One experiment included tree position (vertical v. horizontal). Daminozide, paclobutrazol (when applied twice) and the horizontal position reduced shoot growth, but the GAs had little or no effect. In the year after treatments, growth of the paclobutrazol-treated trees was stimulated considerably. In the other treatment groups there was no pronounced after-effect on growth. GA3 and GA4 had little or no influence on flowering, whereas GA7 and GA4+7 greatly reduced it. Paclobutrazol stimulated flowering where the general level of flowering in the experiment was low or reduced by some other treatment (e.g. with GA7). Flowering was promoted in horizontally-positioned trees and to some degree after spraying with daminozide. A positive correlation was found between the weight ratio of vegetative to floral parts in individual flower buds on spurs and total shoot growth as affected by the various treatments. The reduction of flowering by GA7 was greatest on the basal parts of the shoots, at least in the horizontal and the daminozide-treated trees. The promotion of flowering by paclobutrazol and the horizontal position mainly concerned the upper half of the shoots.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Daminozide reduced shoot growth.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Daminozidee0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daminozide, paclobutrazol (when applied twice) and the horizontal position reduced shoot growth”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol applied twice reduced shoot growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- when applied twicee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daminozide, paclobutrazol (when applied twice) and the horizontal position reduced shoot growth”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal tree orientation reduced shoot growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- horizontal positione0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daminozide, paclobutrazol (when applied twice) and the horizontal position reduced shoot growth”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellins had little or no effect on shoot growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- gibberellinse1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GAs had little or no effect”
e1“and the gibberellins GA3, GA4, GA7 and GA4+7 (500 ppm), applied alone or in various combinations on shoot growth and flower-bud formation”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol-treated trees showed considerable growth stimulation in the following year.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol-treatede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- year after treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the year after treatments, growth of the paclobutrazol-treated trees was stimulated considerably”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Other treatment groups showed no pronounced subsequent growth effect.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- other treatment groupse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no pronounced after-effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the other treatment groups there was no pronounced after-effect on growth”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 had little or no influence on flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- little or no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 and GA4 had little or no influence on flowering”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4 had little or no influence on flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA4e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- little or no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 and GA4 had little or no influence on flowering”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
GA7 greatly reduced flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA7e0
- Outcome
- floweringe1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA7 and GA4+7 greatly reduced it”
e1“GA3 and GA4 had little or no influence on flowering”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7 greatly reduced flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA4+7e0
- Outcome
- floweringe1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA7 and GA4+7 greatly reduced it”
e1“GA3 and GA4 had little or no influence on flowering”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol stimulated flowering when baseline flowering was low or reduced by another treatment.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- where the general level of flowering in the experiment was low or reduced by some other treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol stimulated flowering where the general level of flowering in the experiment was low or reduced by some other treatment (e.g. with GA7)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal tree orientation promoted flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- horizontally-positionede0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering was promoted in horizontally-positioned trees”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Daminozide spraying promoted flowering to some degree.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- spraying with daminozidee0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- to some degreee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering was promoted in horizontally-positioned trees and to some degree after spraying with daminozide”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The vegetative-to-floral part weight ratio in spur buds correlated positively with total shoot growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- flower buds on spurse0
- Outcome
- weight ratio of vegetative to floral partse0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
- Comparator
- total shoot growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation was found between the weight ratio of vegetative to floral parts in individual flower buds on spurs and total shoot growth as affected by the various treatments”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
GA7 reduced flowering most strongly on basal shoot parts in horizontal and daminozide-treated trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- basal parts of the shootse0
- Treatment
- GA7e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- at least in the horizontal and the daminozide-treated treese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of flowering by GA7 was greatest on the basal parts of the shoots, at least in the horizontal and the daminozide-treated trees”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol promoted flowering mainly in upper shoot halves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- upper half of the shootse0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- promotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The promotion of flowering by paclobutrazol and the horizontal position mainly concerned the upper half of the shoots”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal orientation promoted flowering mainly in upper shoot halves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- upper half of the shootse0
- Treatment
- horizontal positione0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- promotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The promotion of flowering by paclobutrazol and the horizontal position mainly concerned the upper half of the shoots”
t0“apple”
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See all 46 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.