Abstract
The increased reproductive potential, size, shoot allocation, and growth rate of weedy plants may result from reduced resource allocation to other aspects of plant growth and defense. To investigate whether changes in resource allocation occurred during domestication or the evolution of weediness, we compared the mycorrhizal responsiveness, growth, and drought tolerance of nine native ruderal, nine agriculturally weedy (four U.S. weedy and five Australian weedy), and 14 domesticated populations (eight ancient landraces and six improved cultivars) of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Domesticated sunflower cultivars were less drought tolerant, but had higher plant growth and fecundity and coarser roots than wild populations. There were no changes in level of drought tolerance between improved cultivars and ancient landrace plants, but there was an increase in allocation to flowers with recent selection. Weedy populations were intermediate between domesticated cultivars and native ruderal populations for plant growth rate, root architecture, and drought tolerance. Weedy populations benefited most from mycorrhizal inoculation by having fewer wilted leaves and wetter soil. Overall, we found that trade-offs between drought tolerance and several aspects of plant growth, including growth rate, allocation to flowering, and root architecture, govern evolution during sunflower domestication and the invasion of disturbed habitat.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Domesticated cultivars were less drought tolerant than wild populations.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Material
- Domesticated sunflower cultivarse0
- Outcome
- drought tolerante0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- wild populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Domesticated sunflower cultivars were less drought tolerant, but had higher plant growth and fecundity and coarser roots than wild populations.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Domesticated cultivars had higher growth and fecundity than wild populations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- Domesticated sunflower cultivarse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and fecunditye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Domesticated sunflower cultivars were less drought tolerant, but had higher plant growth and fecundity and coarser roots than wild populations.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Domesticated cultivars had coarser roots than wild populations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- Domesticated sunflower cultivarse0
- Outcome
- coarser rootse0
- Direction
- coarsere0
- Comparator
- wild populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Domesticated sunflower cultivars were less drought tolerant, but had higher plant growth and fecundity and coarser roots than wild populations.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought tolerance did not change between improved cultivars and ancient landraces.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- improved cultivarse0
- Outcome
- level of drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- no changese0
- Comparator
- ancient landrace plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no changes in level of drought tolerance between improved cultivars and ancient landrace plants”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recent selection increased allocation to flowers.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- recent selectione0
- Outcome
- allocation to flowerse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an increase in allocation to flowers with recent selection.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy populations were intermediate in growth rate, root architecture and drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- Weedy populationse0
- Outcome
- plant growth rate, root architecture, and drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Comparator
- domesticated cultivars and native ruderal populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weedy populations were intermediate between domesticated cultivars and native ruderal populations for plant growth rate, root architecture, and drought tolerance.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation gave weedy populations fewer wilted leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- Weedy populationse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- wilted leavese0
- Direction
- fewere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weedy populations benefited most from mycorrhizal inoculation by having fewer wilted leaves and wetter soil.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation gave weedy populations wetter soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Material
- Weedy populationse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- wetter soile0
- Direction
- wettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weedy populations benefited most from mycorrhizal inoculation by having fewer wilted leaves and wetter soil.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer tradeoffs between drought tolerance and growth, flowering allocation and root architecture during sunflower domestication and invasion.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- evolution during sunflower domestication and the invasion of disturbed habitate0
- Qualifier
- trade-offs between drought tolerance and several aspects of plant growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trade-offs between drought tolerance and several aspects of plant growth, including growth rate, allocation to flowering, and root architecture, govern evolution during sunflower domestication and the invasion of disturbed habitat.”
e1“common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”