Paper · 1952 · Annals of Applied Biology

OBSERVATIONS ON APPLE CANKER

R. J. W. BYRDE; S. H. CROWDY; F. A. ROACH

5
claims
10
verbatim quotes
16
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride have been tested as eradicant sprays against apple canker. Trials with inoculated shoots showed that neither of these sprays would affect an established leaf‐scar canker. Both chemicals checked sporulation of Nectria galligena on cankers but phenyl mercury chloride was the more effective and reduced sporing up to 18 months after application. The incidence of leaf‐scar infection was diminished by treatments reducing sporulation, such as spraying with phenyl mercury chloride or the removal of diseased material from the tree. Bordeaux mixture used as a protectant winter spray was ineffective in reducing leaf‐scar infection.

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Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride sprays would not affect an established leaf-scar canker in trials with inoculated shoots.

Treatment
Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloridee0
Outcome
established leaf‐scar cankere1
Direction
would affecte1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride have been tested as eradicant sprays against apple canker”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–111 · show in text ↑
e1

“Trials with inoculated shoots showed that neither of these sprays would affect an established leaf‐scar canker”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 113–223 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Both chemicals checked sporulation of Nectria galligena on apple cankers.

Treatment
Both chemicalse2
Interactor
Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
Outcome
sporulation of Nectria galligena on cankerse2
Direction
checkede2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Neonectria galligena
Neonectria galligena · InteractorAbrahami · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride have been tested as eradicant sprays against apple canker”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–111 · show in text ↑
e2

“Both chemicals checked sporulation of Nectria galligena on cankers but phenyl mercury chloride was the more effective and reduced sporing up to 18 months after application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 225–396 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Phenyl mercury chloride was more effective than sodium pentachlorophenate in reducing Nectria galligena sporing for up to 18 months after application.

Treatment
phenyl mercury chloridee2
Interactor
Nectria galligenaNeonectria galligenae2pathogen
Outcome
sporinge2
Direction
reducede2
Qualifier
up to 18 months after applicatione2
Comparator
Sodium pentachlorophenatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Neonectria galligena
Neonectria galligena · InteractorAbrahami · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride have been tested as eradicant sprays against apple canker”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–111 · show in text ↑
e2

“Both chemicals checked sporulation of Nectria galligena on cankers but phenyl mercury chloride was the more effective and reduced sporing up to 18 months after application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 225–396 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying with phenyl mercury chloride or removing diseased material diminished the incidence of leaf-scar infection on apple.

Treatment
spraying with phenyl mercury chloride or the removal of diseased material from the treee3
Outcome
incidence of leaf‐scar infectione3
Direction
diminishede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride have been tested as eradicant sprays against apple canker”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–111 · show in text ↑
e3

“The incidence of leaf‐scar infection was diminished by treatments reducing sporulation, such as spraying with phenyl mercury chloride or the removal of diseased material from the tree”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 398–581 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bordeaux mixture used as a protectant winter spray was ineffective in reducing leaf-scar infection on apple.

Treatment
Bordeaux mixture used as a protectant winter spraye4
Outcome
leaf‐scar infectione4
Direction
ineffective in reducinge4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Sodium pentachlorophenate and phenyl mercury chloride have been tested as eradicant sprays against apple canker”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–111 · show in text ↑
e4

“Bordeaux mixture used as a protectant winter spray was ineffective in reducing leaf‐scar infection”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–681 · show in text ↑

chloride · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 4 positive, 1 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
    Adding PMC to certain protective fungicides offered no advantage against apple scab.

    Glasshouse experiments on apple scab · 1967 · compared with certain protective fungicides

    No difference from an alternative

  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

sodium atom · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 5 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

mercury atom · Neonectria galligena · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

application · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

107 papers: 80 positive, 27 negative or no effect

79 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

103 papers more in this group

See all 107 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.