Abstract
A functional Shaker potassium channel requires assembly of four α-subunits encoded by a single gene or various genes from the Shaker family. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1, a Shaker α-subunit that is silent when expressed alone, has been shown to regulate the activity of AKT1 by forming heteromeric AtKC1-AKT1 channels. Here, we investigated whether AtKC1 is a general regulator of channel activity. Co-expression in Xenopus oocytes of a dominant negative (pore-mutated) AtKC1 subunit with the inward Shaker channel subunits KAT1, KAT2 or AKT2, or the outward subunits SKOR or GORK, revealed that the three inward subunits functionally interact with AtKC1 while the outward ones cannot. Localization experiments in plant protoplasts showed that KAT2 was able to re-locate AtKC1 fused to GFP from endomembranes to the plasma membrane, indicating that heteromeric AtKC1-KAT2 channels are efficiently targeted to the plasma membrane. Functional properties of heteromeric channels involving AtKC1 and KAT1, KAT2 or AKT2 were analysed by voltage clamp after co-expression of the respective subunits in Xenopus oocytes. AtKC1 behaved as a regulatory subunit within the heterotetrameric channel, reducing the macroscopic conductance and negatively shifting the channel activation potential. Expression studies showed that AtKC1 and its identified Shaker partners have overlapping expression patterns, supporting the hypothesis of a general regulation of inward channel activity by AtKC1 in planta. Lastly, AtKC1 disruption appeared to reduce plant biomass production, showing that AtKC1-mediated channel activity regulation is required for normal plant growth.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
AtKC1 co-expressed with inward subunits KAT1, KAT2 or AKT2 functionally interacts with them.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- dominant negative (pore-mutated) AtKC1 subunite1
- Gene
- KAT1, KAT2 or AKT2e1
- Outcome
- functionally interact with AtKC1e1
- Comparator
- outward subunits SKOR or GORKe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e1“Co-expression in Xenopus oocytes of a dominant negative (pore-mutated) AtKC1 subunit with the inward Shaker channel subunits KAT1, KAT2 or AKT2, or the outward subunits SKOR or GORK, revealed that the three inward subunits functionally interact with AtKC1 while the outward ones cannot”
Claim · model-written summary
Outward Shaker subunits SKOR and GORK do not functionally interact with AtKC1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- dominant negative (pore-mutated) AtKC1 subunite1
- Gene
- SKOR or GORKe1
- Outcome
- functionally interact with AtKC1e1
- Comparator
- inward subunitse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e1“Co-expression in Xenopus oocytes of a dominant negative (pore-mutated) AtKC1 subunit with the inward Shaker channel subunits KAT1, KAT2 or AKT2, or the outward subunits SKOR or GORK, revealed that the three inward subunits functionally interact with AtKC1 while the outward ones cannot”
Claim · model-written summary
KAT2 relocates AtKC1-GFP from endomembranes to the plasma membrane in plant protoplasts.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- KAT2e2
- Gene
- KAT2e2
- Outcome
- re-locate AtKC1 fused to GFPe2
- Qualifier
- heteromeric AtKC1-KAT2 channels are efficiently targeted to the plasma membranee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e2“Localization experiments in plant protoplasts showed that KAT2 was able to re-locate AtKC1 fused to GFP from endomembranes to the plasma membrane, indicating that heteromeric AtKC1-KAT2 channels are efficiently targeted to the plasma membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
AtKC1 reduces the macroscopic conductance of the heteromeric channel.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- AtKC1e3
- Outcome
- macroscopic conductancee3
- Direction
- reducinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e3“AtKC1 behaved as a regulatory subunit within the heterotetrameric channel, reducing the macroscopic conductance and negatively shifting the channel activation potential”
Claim · model-written summary
AtKC1 negatively shifts the activation potential of the heteromeric channel.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- AtKC1e3
- Outcome
- channel activation potentiale3
- Direction
- negatively shiftinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e3“AtKC1 behaved as a regulatory subunit within the heterotetrameric channel, reducing the macroscopic conductance and negatively shifting the channel activation potential”
Claim · model-written summary
AtKC1 and its identified Shaker partners have overlapping expression patterns.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- AtKC1e4
- Outcome
- overlapping expression patternse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e4“Expression studies showed that AtKC1 and its identified Shaker partners have overlapping expression patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
AtKC1 disruption appears to reduce plant biomass production.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- AtKC1 disruptione5
- Outcome
- plant biomass productione5
- Direction
- reducee5
- Qualifier
- appeared toe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtKC1”
e5“AtKC1 disruption appeared to reduce plant biomass production”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.