Abstract
Comparison of incorporation of 15N-labeled ammonium into amino acids in cells isolated from spinach leaves showed that ammonium was most actively incorporated into the amido-group of glutamine. The 15N contents of other amino acids were less than one-tenth that of the amido-group of glutamine. L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MS) suppressed the incorporation of ammonium not only into the amido-group of glutamine, but also into glutamic acid. Turning off the light after 1 min illumination increased die 15N content of glutamine while it decreased that of the glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. Illumination of the cells after die application of ammonium had a more significant effect on ammonium assimilation than illumination before the application of ammonium. When 14C-U-15N (amido labeled)-glutamine was added to the cell suspension, the transfer of amido-group of glutamine was completely inhibited in the dark, but no difference in the flow of 14C was observed. These results suggest that glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) pathways operate in ammonium assimilation in the cells isolated from spinach leaves, and that the former is light-independent but die latter is light-dependent.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium was incorporated most actively into glutamine amido group.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Outcome
- incorporated into the amido-group of glutaminee0
- Direction
- most activelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium was most actively incorporated into the amido-group of glutamine”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Other amino acids had less than one tenth the glutamine amido group 15N.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Outcome
- 15N contents of other amino acidse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- one-tenthe0
- Comparator
- amido-group of glutaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 15N contents of other amino acids were less than one-tenth that of the amido-group of glutamine”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
MS suppressed ammonium incorporation into glutamine amido group.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MS)e0
- Outcome
- incorporation of ammonium not only into the amido-group of glutaminee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MS) suppressed the incorporation of ammonium not only into the amido-group of glutamine, but also into glutamic acid”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
MS suppressed ammonium incorporation into glutamic acid.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MS)e0
- Outcome
- glutamic acide0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MS) suppressed the incorporation of ammonium not only into the amido-group of glutamine, but also into glutamic acid”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Turning off light increased glutamine 15N.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Turning off the light after 1 min illuminatione0
- Outcome
- 15N content of glutaminee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turning off the light after 1 min illumination increased die 15N content of glutamine while it decreased that of the glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Turning off light decreased 15N in glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Turning off the light after 1 min illuminatione0
- Outcome
- glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alaninee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turning off the light after 1 min illumination increased die 15N content of glutamine while it decreased that of the glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Lighting after ammonium addition affected assimilation more than lighting before addition.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Illumination of the cells after die application of ammoniume0
- Outcome
- ammonium assimilatione0
- Direction
- more significant effecte0
- Comparator
- illumination before the application of ammoniume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Illumination of the cells after die application of ammonium had a more significant effect on ammonium assimilation than illumination before the application of ammonium”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness completely inhibited glutamine amido group transfer.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- darke0
- Outcome
- transfer of amido-group of glutaminee0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transfer of amido-group of glutamine was completely inhibited in the dark”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon 14 flow did not differ in darkness.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- darke0
- Outcome
- flow of 14Ce0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the dark, but no difference in the flow of 14C was observed”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer GS and GOGAT pathways operate in spinach ammonium assimilation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Outcome
- ammonium assimilatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) pathways operate in ammonium assimilation in the cells isolated from spinach leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer GS is light independent while GOGAT is light dependent.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Outcome
- light-independente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) pathways operate in ammonium assimilation in the cells isolated from spinach leaves, and that the former is light-independent but die latter is light-dependent”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: metabolites · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.