Abstract
Own-rooted, glasshouse-grown `Chardonnay' vines ( Vitis vinifera L.) were planted in a sand medium to which was added one of five levels of granular Gro-Mate (GM), a commercial humate (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 g/pot; 0 to 35 g a.i./pot). Two other treatments consisted of weekly (1× W) or twice-weekly (2× W) applications of liquid GM, whose cumulative addition over the 28 weeks of the experiment totaled 6.7 and 13.4 g a.i., respectively. Shoot length responded to increasing level of GM in a predominantly cubic fashion, with 32 g/pot resulting in the longest shoots. Fresh and dry weights of leaves, shoots, and roots, as well as leaf count and area, exhibited increasing linear or quadratic trends in response to increased level of granular GM. GM increased soil organic matter, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Na, and S and also increased petiole Fe and lamina P, K, and Fe. Liquid treatment resulted in lower soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Fe and higher soil conductivity, NO 3 , P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Na, and S than the granular treatments, as well as higher petiole and lamina N and K, lower petiole and lamina P, and lower petiole Zn. Compared to the 1× W treatment, the 2× W produced lower soil bulk density and higher P, lower lamina K, Mn, and Fe; lower petiole Mn; and higher petiole Cu. Plant tissues contained extremely high levels of Mn irrespective of treatment, whereas liquid treatments resulted in high soil NO 3 levels. Although liquid GM cannot be recommended for young grapevines under an application regime such as described here, preplant applications of granular GM may have potential for improving growth of young vines in coarse-textured soils. High granular or excessive liquid applications may result in leaf necrosis and retarded growth.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing granular GM affected shoot length, with 32 g/pot yielding the longest shoots.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot length responded to increasing level of GM in a predominantly cubic fashion, with 32 g/pot resulting in the longest shoots”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Granular GM increased leaf, shoot, and root fresh and dry weights.
- Treatment
- granular GMe0
- Outcome
- Fresh and dry weights of leaves, shoots, and rootse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weights of leaves, shoots, and roots, as well as leaf count and area, exhibited increasing linear or quadratic trends in response to increased level of granular GM”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Granular GM increased leaf count and area.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf count and area, exhibited increasing linear or quadratic trends in response to increased level of granular GM”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
GM increased soil organic matter and several soil elements.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GM increased soil organic matter, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Na, and S”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
GM increased petiole Fe and lamina P, K, and Fe.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GM increased soil organic matter, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Na, and S and also increased petiole Fe and lamina P, K, and Fe”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid GM lowered soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Fe relative to granular GM.
- Treatment
- Liquid treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Fee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- granular treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liquid treatment resulted in lower soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Fe and higher soil conductivity, NO 3 , P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Na, and S than the granular treatments”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid GM increased soil conductivity and measured nutrients relative to granular GM.
- Treatment
- Liquid treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil conductivity, NO 3 , P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Na, and Se0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- granular treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liquid treatment resulted in lower soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Fe and higher soil conductivity, NO 3 , P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Na, and S than the granular treatments”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid GM raised petiole and lamina N and K relative to granular GM.
- Treatment
- Liquid treatmente0
- Outcome
- petiole and lamina N and Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- granular treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liquid treatment resulted in lower soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Fe and higher soil conductivity, NO 3 , P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Na, and S than the granular treatments, as well as higher petiole and lamina N and K”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid GM lowered petiole and lamina P and petiole Zn.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower petiole and lamina P, and lower petiole Zn”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-weekly liquid GM lowered soil bulk density and raised soil P relative to once-weekly treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the 1× W treatment, the 2× W produced lower soil bulk density and higher P”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-weekly liquid GM raised soil P relative to once-weekly treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the 1× W treatment, the 2× W produced lower soil bulk density and higher P”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-weekly liquid GM lowered lamina K, Mn, and Fe and petiole Mn.
- Treatment
- 2× We0
- Outcome
- lamina K, Mn, and Fe; lower petiole Mne0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 1× W treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the 1× W treatment, the 2× W produced lower soil bulk density and higher P, lower lamina K, Mn, and Fe; lower petiole Mn; and higher petiole Cu”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-weekly liquid GM raised petiole Cu.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher petiole Cu”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant tissues contained extremely high Mn regardless of treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant tissues contained extremely high levels of Mn irrespective of treatment”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid treatments yielded high soil NO 3 levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“liquid treatments resulted in high soil NO 3 levels”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advise against liquid GM for young grapevines under the tested regime.
- Outcome
- liquid GM cannot be recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“liquid GM cannot be recommended for young grapevines under an application regime such as described here”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant granular GM may improve young vine growth in coarse-textured soils.
Verbatim
e0“preplant applications of granular GM may have potential for improving growth of young vines in coarse-textured soils”
Claim · model-written summary
High granular applications may cause leaf necrosis and retarded growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High granular or excessive liquid applications may result in leaf necrosis and retarded growth”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive liquid applications may cause leaf necrosis and retarded growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High granular or excessive liquid applications may result in leaf necrosis and retarded growth”
t0“Grapevines”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · growth · VitisResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.