Abstract
2 Abstract: Using biofertilizers has been a good method in controlling chemical fertilization, especially N fertilizer for reducing environmental pollution and obtaining safe produce. This study was initiated as an attempt for replacing the excessive application of mineral nitrogen partially with four biofertilizers namely Nitrobeine, Rhizobacterine, Biogen and active dry yeast for achieving an economical yield and improving vegetative growth. Nitrogen was applied at zero % up to 100 % of the recommended nitrogen dose for Thompson seedless and Flame seedless cultivars with or without biofertilizers or biofertilizers alone. Generally, results proved that using nitrogen at 40 units for Thompson seedless and 30 units for Flame seedless plus Biogen have increased yield and improved fruit quality compared with using 80 units for Thompson seedless and 60 units for Flame seedless without biofertilizers. All vegetative growth parameters (trunk diameter, leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight) were increased with increasing N rate in both seasons of the study in both cultivars. Biofertilizer treatments (Biogen, Rhizobacterine, Nitrobeine and active dry yeast) caused significant changes of the studied estimates in both seasons as compared with the control. Nitrogen doses and biofertilizers caused significant changes on the cane thickness in the second season but in the first one no significant differences between these treatments were observed. The treatment of 100 % nitrogen fertilizer plus 20 gm Biogen gave the highest values regarding vegetative growth parameters. However, the treatment zero % nitrogen fertilizer gave the least values in both cultivars during the two seasons. The yield and its components parameters (cluster weight and total yield) were increased with increasing N rate in both cultivars. Biofertilizer treatment caused significant changes of the studied characteristics as compared with the control in both cultivars. Number of cluster/vine was significantly increased with increasing N rate and biofertilizers treatment n the second season for both cultivars. The treatment of 50 % nitrogen fertilizer in the presence of 20 gm Biogen gave the highest values regarding yield parameters in both cultivars.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Forty nitrogen units plus Biogen increased Thompson seedless yield and quality relative to 80 units without biofertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“using nitrogen at 40 units for Thompson seedless and 30 units for Flame seedless plus Biogen have increased yield and improved fruit quality compared with using 80 units for Thompson seedless and 60 units for Flame seedless without biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty nitrogen units plus Biogen increased Flame seedless yield and quality relative to 60 units without biofertilizer.
Verbatim
e0“using nitrogen at 40 units for Thompson seedless and 30 units for Flame seedless plus Biogen have increased yield and improved fruit quality compared with using 80 units for Thompson seedless and 60 units for Flame seedless without biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth parameters increased with nitrogen rate in both grape cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“All vegetative growth parameters (trunk diameter, leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight) were increased with increasing N rate in both seasons of the study in both cultivars”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers significantly changed grape growth estimates compared with control.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer treatments (Biogen, Rhizobacterine, Nitrobeine and active dry yeast) caused significant changes of the studied estimates in both seasons as compared with the control”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen dose and biofertilizers significantly changed cane thickness in the second season.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen doses and biofertilizers caused significant changes on the cane thickness in the second season”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Cane thickness did not significantly differ among nitrogen and biofertilizer treatments in the first season.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen doses and biofertilizerse1
- Outcome
- cane thicknesse1
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“in the first one no significant differences between these treatments were observed”
e1“Nitrogen doses and biofertilizers caused significant changes on the cane thickness”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Full nitrogen plus Biogen gave the highest vegetative growth values.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- 100 % nitrogen fertilizer plus 20 gm Biogene0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of 100 % nitrogen fertilizer plus 20 gm Biogen gave the highest values regarding vegetative growth parameters”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero nitrogen gave the lowest vegetative growth values in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- zero % nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameterse1
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treatment zero % nitrogen fertilizer gave the least values in both cultivars during the two seasons”
e1“highest values regarding vegetative growth parameters”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster weight and total yield increased with nitrogen rate in both cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and its components parameters (cluster weight and total yield) were increased with increasing N rate in both cultivars”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer significantly changed grape yield traits relative to control.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- cluster weight and total yielde1
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer treatment caused significant changes of the studied characteristics as compared with the control in both cultivars”
e1“The yield and its components parameters (cluster weight and total yield)”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster number per vine increased significantly with nitrogen rate and biofertilizers in the second season.
Verbatim
e0“Number of cluster/vine was significantly increased with increasing N rate and biofertilizers treatment n the second season for both cultivars”
t0“Grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Half nitrogen plus Biogen gave the highest yield parameter values.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- 50 % nitrogen fertilizer in the presence of 20 gm Biogene0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of 50 % nitrogen fertilizer in the presence of 20 gm Biogen gave the highest values regarding yield parameters in both cultivars”
t0“Grape”
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