Abstract
Ethylene production in developing cocklebur (Xanthium pennsyluanicum Wallr.) seeds peaked when the dry weight of the seeds began to increase in the early period of development. The production then began to decrease and stopped when the dry weight increase was completed. The upsurge of ethylene production in the early developmental period paralleled increases in ACC synthase activity and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content of the seeds, both of which rapidly decreased later. Malonyl-ACC (MACC) accumulated in developing cocklebur seeds during the early period of development, before the ACC content and ethylene production increased. Although the ACC synthase activity, ACC content and ethylene production showed marked decreases, the MACC content remained almost unchanged during the middle period of seed development, with a pronounced decrease occurring in the late period. Exogenous application of MACC did not promote ethylene production of seeds collected at the late developmental stage. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, strongly inhibited the ethylene production of the same lot of seeds. Therefore, the decrease in the MACC content in developing cocklebur seeds was not due to reuse of MACC for ethylene production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production peaked as seed dry weight began increasing.
- Taxon
- cocklebur
Xanthium strumariume0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- Ethylene productione0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- early period of developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production in developing cocklebur (Xanthium pennsyluanicum Wallr.) seeds peaked when the dry weight of the seeds began to increase in the early period of development”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production decreased and stopped when seed dry weight gain was completed.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- Seedst0
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production then began to decrease and stopped when the dry weight increase was completed”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Early ethylene production rose in parallel with ACC synthase activity.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- Seedst0
- Gene
- ACC synthasee0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- upsurgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The upsurge of ethylene production in the early developmental period paralleled increases in ACC synthase activity”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Early ethylene production rose in parallel with ACC content.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Compound
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- upsurgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The upsurge of ethylene production in the early developmental period paralleled increases in ACC synthase activity and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content of the seeds”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC synthase activity decreased later in development.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Gene
- ACC synthasee0
- Outcome
- ACC synthase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC synthase activity and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content of the seeds, both of which rapidly decreased later”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC content decreased later in development.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content of the seeds, both of which rapidly decreased later”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
MACC accumulated early, before ACC and ethylene rose.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- Malonyl-ACC (MACC)e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malonyl-ACC (MACC) accumulated in developing cocklebur seeds during the early period of development, before the ACC content and ethylene production increased”
Claim · model-written summary
MACC content was nearly unchanged in the middle period.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- MACC contente0
- Direction
- remained almost unchangede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MACC content remained almost unchanged during the middle period of seed development”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
MACC content decreased late in seed development.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- Seedst0
- Outcome
- Malonyl-ACC Contentst0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a pronounced decrease occurring in the late period”
t0“Malonyl-ACC Contents of Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous MACC did not promote ethylene production in late-stage seeds.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of MACCe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- did not promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of MACC did not promote ethylene production of seeds collected at the late developmental stage”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine strongly inhibited ethylene production in late-stage seeds.
- Taxon
- CockleburXanthium strumariumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Aminoethoxyvinylglycinee0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- strongly inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, strongly inhibited the ethylene production of the same lot of seeds”
t0“Cocklebur Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that declining MACC was not caused by reuse for ethylene production.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Outcome
- decrease in the MACC contente0
- Qualifier
- not due to reuse of MACC for ethylene productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in the MACC content in developing cocklebur seeds was not due to reuse of MACC for ethylene production”