Abstract
This article reports on the physiological effects and horticultural benefits of chemical blossom thinners on 9-year-old and 12-year-old `Bing'/`Gisela®5′ sweet cherry trees in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Chemical thinning agents were applied at 20% and 80% full bloom (FB) by air-blast sprayer and were comprised of: 2% ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), 4% vegetable oil emulsion (VOE), 2% fish oil + 2.5% lime sulfur (FOLS), 1% tergitol, and an untreated control. Leaf gas exchange, leaf SPAD meter readings, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, fruit yield, and fruit quality were evaluated. FOLS, tergitol, VOE, and ATS suppressed leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) by 33%, 30%, 28%, and 18%, respectively, over a variable length recovery period directly after 80% FB treatment. Leaf NCER recovered fully from every thinning treatment. Reductions in leaf NCER were unrelated to g S . VOE reduced estimated leaf chlorophyll content the greatest, suppressing overall levels by 11% for 23 days after treatment. All blossom thinners reduced constant fluorescence (Fo). No thinning agent reduced fruit set or yield in 2004. ATS, FOLS, and tergitol reduced fruit set in 2005. VOE was ineffective as a thinner yet exhibited significant leaf phytotoxicity. Among thinners, there was no relationship between inhibition of leaf NCER and thinning efficacy.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
FOLS suppressed leaf net CO2 exchange rate by 33% over a recovery period directly after the 80% full bloom treatment.
- Taxon
- Sweet Cherry
Prunus aviumt0 - Treatment
- FOLSe0
- Outcome
- leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER)e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FOLS, tergitol, VOE, and ATS suppressed leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) by 33%”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Tergitol suppressed leaf net CO2 exchange rate by 30%.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- tergitole0
- Outcome
- leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER)e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FOLS, tergitol, VOE, and ATS suppressed leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) by 33%, 30%”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
VOE suppressed leaf net CO2 exchange rate by 28%.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- VOEe0
- Outcome
- leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER)e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FOLS, tergitol, VOE, and ATS suppressed leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) by 33%, 30%, 28%”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
ATS suppressed leaf net CO2 exchange rate by 18%.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- ATSe0
- Outcome
- leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER)e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FOLS, tergitol, VOE, and ATS suppressed leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) by 33%, 30%, 28%, and 18%”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf NCER recovered fully from every thinning treatment.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- every thinning treatmente0
- Outcome
- Leaf NCERe0
- Direction
- recovered fullye0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf NCER recovered fully from every thinning treatment”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Reductions in leaf NCER were unrelated to stomatal conductance (g S).
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- Reductions in leaf NCERe0
- Qualifier
- unrelated to g Se0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in leaf NCER were unrelated to g S”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
VOE reduced estimated leaf chlorophyll content the most, by 11% overall for 23 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- VOEe0
- Outcome
- estimated leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Qualifier
- for 23 days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VOE reduced estimated leaf chlorophyll content the greatest, suppressing overall levels by 11% for 23 days after treatment”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
All blossom thinners reduced constant fluorescence (Fo).
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- blossom thinnerse0
- Outcome
- constant fluorescence (Fo)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All blossom thinners reduced constant fluorescence (Fo)”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
No thinning agent reduced fruit set or yield in 2004.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- thinning agente0
- Outcome
- fruit set or yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2004e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No thinning agent reduced fruit set or yield in 2004”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
ATS reduced fruit set in 2005.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- ATSe0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2005e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATS, FOLS, and tergitol reduced fruit set in 2005”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
FOLS reduced fruit set in 2005.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- FOLSe0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2005e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATS, FOLS, and tergitol reduced fruit set in 2005”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Tergitol reduced fruit set in 2005.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- tergitole0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 2005e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATS, FOLS, and tergitol reduced fruit set in 2005”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
VOE was ineffective as a blossom thinner.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- VOEe0
- Outcome
- ineffective as a thinnere0
- Direction
- ineffective as a thinnere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VOE was ineffective as a thinner”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
VOE exhibited significant leaf phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- VOEe0
- Outcome
- leaf phytotoxicitye0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VOE was ineffective as a thinner yet exhibited significant leaf phytotoxicity”
e1“an untreated control”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
Claim · model-written summary
Among thinners, there was no relationship between inhibition of leaf NCER and thinning efficacy.
- Taxon
- Sweet CherryPrunus aviumt0
- Treatment
- thinnerse0
- Outcome
- thinning efficacye0
- Qualifier
- no relationship between inhibition of leaf NCER and thinning efficacye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among thinners, there was no relationship between inhibition of leaf NCER and thinning efficacy”
t0“Sweet Cherry”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium thiosulfate · yield · Prunus avium (sweet cherry)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
pruning · yield · Prunus avium (sweet cherry)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.