Abstract
Trait-based breeding is essential to improve wheat yield, particularly when stress adaptation is targeted. A set of modern and underutilized wheat genotypes was examined in a 2-year field experiment with distinct seasonal water supply. Yield formation and drought response strategies were analyzed in relation to components of Passioura's yield-water framework based on phenological, morphological, physiological, and root characteristics. Limited water supply resulted in 60% yield loss and substantially lower water use (37%), water use efficiency (32.6%), and harvest index (14%). Phenology and root length density were key determinants of water use. Late flowering underutilized wheat species with large root system and swift ground coverage showed greatest water use. Leaf chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance were higher in modern cultivars, supporting their high biomass growth and superior water use efficiency. While, lower chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance of underutilized wheats indicated a water saving strategy with an intrinsic limitation of potential growth. Harvest index was strongly dependent on phenology and yield components. Optimized flowering time, reduced tillering, and strong grain sink of modern cultivars explained higher harvest index compared to underutilized wheats. Cluster analysis revealed the consistent differentiation of underutilized and modern wheats based on traits underlying Passioura's yield-water framework. We identified physiological and root traits within modern cultivars to be targeted for trait-based crop improvement under water-limited conditions. High capacity of water use in underutilized genetic resources is related to yield-limiting phenological and morphological traits, constraining their potential role for better drought resistance. Still some genetic resources provide adaptive features for stress resistance compatible with high yield as revealed by high harvest index under drought of Khorasan wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Limited water reduced wheat yield by 60%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limited water supply resulted in 60% yield loss”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited water reduced wheat water use by 37%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Limited water supplye0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limited water supply resulted in 60% yield loss and substantially lower water use (37%)”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited water reduced wheat water use efficiency by 32.6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Limited water supplye0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 32.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limited water supply resulted in 60% yield loss and substantially lower water use (37%), water use efficiency (32.6%)”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited water reduced wheat harvest index by 14%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Limited water supplye0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limited water supply resulted in 60% yield loss and substantially lower water use (37%), water use efficiency (32.6%), and harvest index (14%)”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat phenology and root length density were key determinants of water use.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- water usee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenology and root length density were key determinants of water use”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Late flowering underutilized wheat with large roots and rapid ground cover had greatest water use.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- underutilized wheat speciese0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late flowering underutilized wheat species with large root system and swift ground coverage showed greatest water use”
Claim · model-written summary
Modern wheat cultivars had higher leaf chlorophyll than underutilized wheats.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- modern cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Leaf chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- underutilized wheatse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance were higher in modern cultivars”
e1“lower chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance of underutilized wheats”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Modern wheat cultivars had higher stomatal conductance than underutilized wheats.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- modern cultivarse0
- Outcome
- stomata conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- underutilized wheatse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance were higher in modern cultivars”
e1“lower chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance of underutilized wheats”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Modern cultivars had higher biomass growth and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- modern cultivarse1
- Outcome
- biomass growth and superior water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their high biomass growth and superior water use efficiency”
e1“Leaf chlorophyll concentration and stomata conductance were higher in modern cultivars”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index depended strongly on wheat phenology and yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- phenologye0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index was strongly dependent on phenology and yield components”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Modern cultivars had higher harvest index than underutilized wheats, attributed to flowering time, tillering, and grain sink.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- modern cultivarse0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Qualifier
- Optimized flowering time, reduced tillering, and strong grain sinke0
- Comparator
- underutilized wheatse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimized flowering time, reduced tillering, and strong grain sink of modern cultivars explained higher harvest index compared to underutilized wheats”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster analysis consistently distinguished modern and underutilized wheat by yield-water traits.
TriticumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cluster analysis revealed the consistent differentiation of underutilized and modern wheats based on traits underlying Passioura's yield-water framework”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified physiological and root traits in modern cultivars as crop improvement targets under limited water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- physiological and root traits within modern cultivars to be targeted for trait-based crop improvemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified physiological and root traits within modern cultivars to be targeted for trait-based crop improvement under water-limited conditions”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Underutilized wheat water use capacity was linked to yield-limiting phenological and morphological traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- underutilized genetic resourcese0
- Organ / stage
- phenological and morphological traitse0
- Outcome
- High capacity of water usee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High capacity of water use in underutilized genetic resources is related to yield-limiting phenological and morphological traits”
t0“wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Khorasan wheat had high harvest index under drought.
Verbatim
e0“high harvest index under drought of Khorasan wheat”
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