Abstract
Endogenous polyamine (PA) may play a critical role in tolerance to water stress in plants acting as a signaling molecule activator. Water stress caused increases in endogenous PA content in leaves, including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm). Exogenous application of Spd could induce the instantaneous H2O2 burst and accumulation of cytosolic free Ca(2+), and activate NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expression in cells. To a great extent, PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced the water stress-induced H2O2 accumulation, free cytosolic Ca(2+) release, antioxidant enzyme activities and genes expression leading to aggravate water stress-induced oxidative damage, while these suppressing effects were alleviated by the addition of exogenous Spd, indicating PA was involved in water stress-induced H2O2 and cytosolic free Ca(2+) production as well as stress tolerance. Dehydrin genes (Y 2 SK, Y 2 K, and SK 2) were showed to be highly responsive to exogenous Spd. PA-induced antioxidant defense and dehydrin genes expression could be blocked by the scavenger of H2O2 and the inhibitors of H2O2 generation or Ca(2+) channels blockers, a calmodulin antagonist, as well as the inhibitor of CDPK. These findings suggested that PA regulated tolerance to water stress in white clover associated with antioxidant defenses and dehydrins via involvement in the calcium messenger system and H2O2 signaling pathways. PA-induced H2O2 production required Ca(2+) release, while PA-induced Ca(2+) release was also essential for H2O2 production, suggesting an interaction between PA-induced H2O2 and Ca(2+) signaling.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased endogenous polyamine content in white clover leaves.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repenst0 - Treatment
- Water stresse1
- Outcome
- endogenous PA content in leavese1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e1“Water stress caused increases in endogenous PA content in leaves, including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine induced an instantaneous H2O2 burst in white clover cells.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of Spde3
- Outcome
- instantaneous H2O2 burste3
- Direction
- inducee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e3“Exogenous application of Spd could induce the instantaneous H2O2 burst and accumulation of cytosolic free Ca(2+), and activate NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expression in cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine induced accumulation of cytosolic free Ca(2+) in white clover cells.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of Spde3
- Outcome
- accumulation of cytosolic free Ca(2+)e3
- Direction
- inducee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e3“Exogenous application of Spd could induce the instantaneous H2O2 burst and accumulation of cytosolic free Ca(2+), and activate NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expression in cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine activated NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expression in white clover cells.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of Spde3
- Gene
- CDPKe3
- Outcome
- NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expressione3
- Direction
- activatee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e3“Exogenous application of Spd could induce the instantaneous H2O2 burst and accumulation of cytosolic free Ca(2+), and activate NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expression in cells”
Claim · model-written summary
A PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced water stress-induced H2O2 accumulation and free cytosolic Ca(2+) release.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- PA biosynthetic inhibitore5
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulation, free cytosolic Ca(2+) releasee5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e5“PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced the water stress-induced H2O2 accumulation, free cytosolic Ca(2+) release, antioxidant enzyme activities and genes expression leading to aggravate water stress-induced oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
A PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression, aggravating water stress-induced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- PA biosynthetic inhibitore5
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities and genes expressione5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- leading to aggravate water stress-induced oxidative damagee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e5“PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced the water stress-induced H2O2 accumulation, free cytosolic Ca(2+) release, antioxidant enzyme activities and genes expression leading to aggravate water stress-induced oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine alleviated the suppressing effects of the PA biosynthetic inhibitor in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- addition of exogenous Spde7
- Outcome
- suppressing effectse7
- Direction
- alleviatede7
- Comparator
- PA biosynthetic inhibitore5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e7“these suppressing effects were alleviated by the addition of exogenous Spd”
e5“PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced the water stress-induced H2O2 accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrin genes were highly responsive to exogenous spermidine in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- exogenous Spde1
- Gene
- Dehydrin genes (Y 2 SK, Y 2 K, and SK 2)e1
- Outcome
- Dehydrin genese1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e1“Dehydrin genes (Y 2 SK, Y 2 K, and SK 2) were showed to be highly responsive to exogenous Spd”
Claim · model-written summary
The scavenger of H2O2 blocked PA-induced antioxidant defense and dehydrin gene expression in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- the scavenger of H2O2e1
- Outcome
- PA-induced antioxidant defense and dehydrin genes expressione1
- Direction
- blockede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e1“PA-induced antioxidant defense and dehydrin genes expression could be blocked by the scavenger of H2O2 and the inhibitors of H2O2 generation or Ca(2+) channels blockers, a calmodulin antagonist, as well as the inhibitor of CDPK”
Claim · model-written summary
PA-induced H2O2 production required Ca(2+) release, and PA-induced Ca(2+) release was essential for H2O2 production in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Outcome
- PA-induced H2O2 productione1
- Qualifier
- required Ca(2+) releasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“white clover”
e1“PA-induced H2O2 production required Ca(2+) release, while PA-induced Ca(2+) release was also essential for H2O2 production”
The same questions in other papers
spermidine · molecular: expression · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.