Abstract
Distinct molecular mechanisms integrate changes in ambient temperature into the genetic pathways that govern flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Temperature-dependent eviction of the histone variant H2A.Z from nucleosomes has been suggested to facilitate the expression of FT by PIF4 at elevated ambient temperatures. Here we show that, in addition to PIF4, PIF3 and PIF5, but not PIF1 and PIF6, can promote flowering when expressed specifically in phloem companion cells (PCC), where they can induce FT and its close paralog, TSF. However, despite their strong potential to promote flowering, genetic analyses suggest that the PIF genes seem to have only a minor role in adjusting flowering in response to photoperiod or high ambient temperature. In addition, loss of PIF function only partially suppressed the early flowering phenotype and FT expression of the arp6 mutant, which is defective in H2A.Z deposition. In contrast, the chemical inhibition of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis resulted in a strong attenuation of early flowering and FT expression in arp6. Furthermore, GA was able to induce flowering at low temperature (15°C) independently of FT, TSF, and the PIF genes, probably directly at the shoot apical meristem. Together, our results suggest that the timing of the floral transition in response to ambient temperature is more complex than previously thought and that GA signaling might play a crucial role in this process.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PIF3 expression in phloem companion cells promoted flowering and induced FT and TSF.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- expressed specifically in phloem companion cellse0
- Gene
- PIF3e0
- Outcome
- promote floweringe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIF3 and PIF5, but not PIF1 and PIF6, can promote flowering when expressed specifically in phloem companion cells (PCC), where they can induce FT and its close paralog, TSF.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PIF5 expression in phloem companion cells promoted flowering and induced FT and TSF.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- expressed specifically in phloem companion cellse0
- Gene
- PIF5e0
- Outcome
- promote floweringe0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIF3 and PIF5, but not PIF1 and PIF6, can promote flowering when expressed specifically in phloem companion cells (PCC), where they can induce FT and its close paralog, TSF.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PIF1 did not promote flowering under companion cell expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- expressed specifically in phloem companion cellse0
- Gene
- PIF1e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIF3 and PIF5, but not PIF1 and PIF6, can promote flowering when expressed specifically in phloem companion cells (PCC)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PIF6 did not promote flowering under companion cell expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- expressed specifically in phloem companion cellse0
- Gene
- PIF6e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIF3 and PIF5, but not PIF1 and PIF6, can promote flowering when expressed specifically in phloem companion cells (PCC)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PIF genes had only a minor role in photoperiod and high temperature flowering adjustment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- PIF genese0
- Outcome
- adjusting floweringe0
- Qualifier
- only a minor rolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PIF genes seem to have only a minor role in adjusting flowering in response to photoperiod or high ambient temperature”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of PIF function partially suppressed early flowering in arp6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- arp6 mutante0
- Treatment
- loss of PIF functione0
- Gene
- PIFe0
- Outcome
- early flowering phenotypee0
- Direction
- partially suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of PIF function only partially suppressed the early flowering phenotype and FT expression of the arp6 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of PIF function partially suppressed FT expression in arp6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- arp6 mutante0
- Treatment
- loss of PIF functione0
- Gene
- FTe0
- Outcome
- FT expressione0
- Direction
- partially suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of PIF function only partially suppressed the early flowering phenotype and FT expression of the arp6 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GA biosynthesis inhibition strongly attenuated early flowering in arp6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- arp6e0
- Treatment
- chemical inhibition of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chemical inhibition of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis resulted in a strong attenuation of early flowering and FT expression in arp6”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GA biosynthesis inhibition strongly attenuated FT expression in arp6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- arp6e0
- Treatment
- chemical inhibition of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesise0
- Gene
- FTe0
- Outcome
- FT expressione0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chemical inhibition of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis resulted in a strong attenuation of early flowering and FT expression in arp6”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
GA induced flowering at 15°C independently of FT, TSF and PIF genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Qualifier
- low temperature (15°C) independently of FT, TSF, and the PIF genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA was able to induce flowering at low temperature (15°C) independently of FT, TSF, and the PIF genes”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · phenology · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Gibberellic acid · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.