Abstract
Due to its fungistatic or fungicidal potential, chitosan, a high molecular-weight polymer that is non-toxic and biodegradable, has become an alternative to conventional fungicides. In addition, chitosan is reported to elicit defense mechanisms in plant tissues. In this study, we explored the in vitro fungicidal effect of chitosan on some of the most important grapevine wood fungi, such as Botryosphaeria sp. (dieback and cane blight), Phomopsis sp. (Phomopsis cane and leaf spot), Eutypa lata (eutypa dieback), Neonectria liriodendri (black foot disease), Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Petri disease and esca) and Fomitiporia sp. (esca). Inhibition of mycelial growth was evaluated at five concentrations 50, 25, 5, 2.5 and 0.5 mg a.i. l-1 of chitosan. Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi. The lowest EC50 values were obtained with Pa. chlamydospora, Fomitiporia sp. and Botryosphaeria sp., and the highest with Neon. liriodendri. All these were inferior to the maximum recommended field rate (8.33 mg a.i. l-1) with exception of the value obtained with Neon. liriodendri. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of foliar sprays of chitosan on potted grapevine plants (cultivar Castelão) growing in a substrate artificially infested with Pa. chlamydospora or Neon. liriodendri. The effect of chitosan against Neon. liriodendri was similar to that achieved with some selected fungicides (carbendazim+flusilazole, cyprodinil+fludioxonil and tebuconazole). Chitosan significantly improved plant growth (plant height and number of roots) and decreased disease incidence compared with untreated plants. As regards Pa. chlamydospora, chitosan only reduced the disease incidence caused by this fungus.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mycelial growth of Botryosphaeria sp.
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria sp.
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=60)
Botryosphaeriae1pathogene0 - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi”
e1“Botryosphaeria sp. (dieback and cane blight)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mycelial growth of Phomopsis sp.
PhomopsisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi”
e1“Phomopsis sp. (Phomopsis cane and leaf spot)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mycelial growth of Eutypa lata.
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- Eutypa lataEutypa latae1pathogene0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi”
e1“Eutypa lata (eutypa dieback)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mycelial growth of Neonectria liriodendri.
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- Neonectria liriodendriIlyonectria liriodendrie1pathogene0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi”
e1“Neonectria liriodendri (black foot disease)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mycelial growth of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora.
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- Phaeomoniella chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae1pathogene0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi”
e1“Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Petri disease and esca)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mycelial growth of Fomitiporia sp.
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- Fomitiporia sp.
Fomitiporiae1pathogene0 - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan was effective in reducing mycelial growth of all the fungi”
e1“Fomitiporia sp. (esca)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia sp. and Botryosphaeria sp. had the lowest chitosan EC50 values.
- Interactor
- Pa. chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fomitiporia sp.Fomitiporiae0pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- Botryosphaeria sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest EC50 values were obtained with Pa. chlamydospora, Fomitiporia sp. and Botryosphaeria sp.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Neonectria liriodendri had the highest chitosan EC50.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest with Neon. liriodendri”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan efficacy against Neonectria liriodendri was similar to selected fungicides.
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Interactor
- Neon. liriodendrie0pathogen
- Outcome
- effect of chitosan against Neon. liriodendrie0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- some selected fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of chitosan against Neon. liriodendri was similar to that achieved with some selected fungicides (carbendazim+flusilazole, cyprodinil+fludioxonil and tebuconazole)”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan increased plant height and root number compared with untreated plants.
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- plant height and number of rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan significantly improved plant growth (plant height and number of roots) and decreased disease incidence compared with untreated plants”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan decreased Neonectria liriodendri disease incidence versus untreated plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan significantly improved plant growth (plant height and number of roots) and decreased disease incidence compared with untreated plants”
e1“against Neon. liriodendri”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced disease incidence caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora.
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Interactor
- Pa. chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As regards Pa. chlamydospora, chitosan only reduced the disease incidence caused by this fungus”
t0“Grapevine”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.