Abstract
The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases causing the death of vines all over the world. This study analyses the effect of a commercial-based substance (chitosan hydrochloride 2.5%) on grapevine–P. chlamydospore interaction. Two experimental scenarios were evaluated: (i) root application in a greenhouse-plant model system and (ii) foliar application in an open-field environment (Tempranillo grape cultivar). Vascular necrosis and pathogen recovery were reduced after chitosan application. The treatment increased root development and the flavonoid index. On open-field application, the treatment did not significantly help decrease the expression of the foliar symptoms of Esca. In symptomatic leaves, the results revealed a lower overexpression of defence-related genes (Chit 1b, CHV5, STS and PR6) in plants treated with chitosan than in nontreated vines. Altogether, this study attempts to provide a first insight into the potential role of chitosan hydrochloride in the treatment of P. chlamydospora and the interaction on the control of the Esca–pathosystem complex. Differences were found between the root and foliar spraying modes of action.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan application reduced vascular necrosis and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora recovery in grapevine
- Treatment
- chitosan applicatione3
- Interactor
- Phaeomoniella chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Vascular necrosis and pathogen recoverye3
- Direction
- reducede3
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases”
e3“Vascular necrosis and pathogen recovery were reduced after chitosan application”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan hydrochloride increased root development in grapevine
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases”
e1“a commercial-based substance (chitosan hydrochloride 2.5%)”
e4“The treatment increased root development and the flavonoid index”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan hydrochloride increased the flavonoid index in grapevine
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases”
e1“a commercial-based substance (chitosan hydrochloride 2.5%)”
e4“The treatment increased root development and the flavonoid index”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan application did not significantly reduce expression of Esca foliar symptoms in open-field vines
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione2
- Outcome
- expression of the foliar symptoms of Escae5
- Direction
- did not significantly help decreasee5
- Setting
- open-fielde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases”
e2“(i) root application in a greenhouse-plant model system and (ii) foliar application in an open-field environment (Tempranillo grape cultivar)”
e5“On open-field application, the treatment did not significantly help decrease the expression of the foliar symptoms of Esca”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan-treated grapevines showed lower overexpression of defence-related genes in symptomatic leaves than nontreated vines
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leavese6
- Treatment
- chitosane6
- Gene
- Chit 1b, CHV5, STS and PR6e6
- Outcome
- overexpression of defence-related genese6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- nontreated vinese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases”
e6“In symptomatic leaves, the results revealed a lower overexpression of defence-related genes (Chit 1b, CHV5, STS and PR6) in plants treated with chitosan than in nontreated vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and foliar chitosan applications differ in mode of action in grapevine
- Outcome
- modes of actione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases”
e7“Differences were found between the root and foliar spraying modes of action”
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