Abstract
Abstract The solubility products (Ksp) of 1:1 complexes of glyphosate, [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine], with Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+, were determined in buffered (pH 7.0) distilled water, moist Ottawa sand, sandy loam and clay loam soils, each adjusted to 0.02 M with respect to KNO3. The Ksp values decreased in the order of Mg ≍ Ca > Mn > Zn > Cu > Fe, regardless of the medium in which they were determined. The constants measured in Ottawa sand were similar to those in water, but those in the forestry soils depended upon the type of metal ion involved. The values for the Mg, Ca, Mn and Zn complexes were about 2 to 3 times lower in sandy loam soil than those in water, but those in clay loam were about 3 to 10 times lower. The Ksp of the Cu and Fe complexes were similar to those in water regardless of the soil type used. In a bioassay experiment using tomato plants, immersed in the saturated solutions of the complexes or planted in the sand and soils containing saturated solutions of the complexes, no mortality occurred although slight inhibition in growth was observed in all cases. The most soluble complexes of Mg and Ca caused the most reduction in plant height, while the least soluble complex of Fe caused little growth inhibition. The Zn, Cu and Mn complexes caused some growth inhibition depending on their Ksp values. The larger the solubility product, the greater the concentration of glyphosate ion in solution, and the greater the growth inhibition. In a similar experiment using white spruce seedlings, growth inhibition was insignificant over the 12‐d bioassay period.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants exposed to saturated metal-glyphosate complex solutions showed no mortality.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- no mortalitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no mortality occurred although slight inhibition in growth was observed in all cases.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturated metal-glyphosate complex solutions slightly inhibited tomato growth in all tested media.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- saturated solutions of the complexese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- slighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“immersed in the saturated solutions of the complexes or planted in the sand and soils containing saturated solutions of the complexes, no mortality occurred although slight inhibition in growth was observed in all cases.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The Mg and Ca complexes produced the largest reduction in tomato height.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- complexes of Mg and Cae0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- complex of Fee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most soluble complexes of Mg and Ca caused the most reduction in plant height, while the least soluble complex of Fe caused little growth inhibition.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fe complex caused little tomato growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- complex of Fee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- littlee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least soluble complex of Fe caused little growth inhibition.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The Zn complex caused tomato growth inhibition dependent on its solubility product.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- depending on their Ksp valuese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn, Cu and Mn complexes caused some growth inhibition depending on their Ksp values.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cu complex caused tomato growth inhibition dependent on its solubility product.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- depending on their Ksp valuese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn, Cu and Mn complexes caused some growth inhibition depending on their Ksp values.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The Mn complex caused tomato growth inhibition dependent on its solubility product.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Mne0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- depending on their Ksp valuese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Zn, Cu and Mn complexes caused some growth inhibition depending on their Ksp values.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater complex solubility product was associated with greater tomato growth inhibition and glyphosate ion concentration.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- glyphosate ione0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- larger the solubility producte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The larger the solubility product, the greater the concentration of glyphosate ion in solution, and the greater the growth inhibition.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
White spruce seedling growth inhibition was insignificant over 12 days.
- Taxon
- white spruce seedlings
Picea glaucae0 - Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- insignificante0
- Qualifier
- 12‐d bioassay periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a similar experiment using white spruce seedlings, growth inhibition was insignificant over the 12‐d bioassay period.”
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