Abstract
The recessive f mutation in soybean results in a ridgelike apical meristem that completely dominates plant ontogeny and causes virtually complete inhibition of leaf axillary buds and restriction of floral induction. For the first time, the process of formation of the ridgelike meristem (also the meristematic phenotype of CLAVATA1-1 and CLAVATA3-1 Arabidopsis mutants) is shown with scanning electron microscopy. Immediately after seed imbibition, the fasciation mutation was manifested by meristem enlargement and hastened differentiation of the second trifoliolate leaf primordium. The early meristematic phenotype of the mutant indicates that the f gene functions upstream of other developmental genes. Decussate and later semiwhorled leaf arrangements, combined with continuous meristem enlargement and shortened plastochron, replaced the wild-type distichous phyllotaxy. A dome-shaped meristem, the most energy-efficient configuration of the apical meristem, persisted during 11-12 plastochrons attaining a size four to five times that of the wild-type meristem. Meristem zonation triggered shape alteration from rectangular to round, to triangular, to oval, and finally to a ridgelike form. The stable ridgelike meristem presumably resulted from attaining a new balance between cell division and differentiation. The elevated level of endogenous IAA (two- to threefold increases over the wild-type) in meristematic tissues, hypocotyl, and leaves could be a secondary consequence of auxin overproduction by the proliferating meristem. The f gene product might affect cell divisions and the auxin metabolic pathway and might intervene in a multitude of developmental aspects.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The recessive f mutation produces a ridgelike apical meristem.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Gene
- fe0
- Outcome
- ridgelike apical meristeme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive f mutation in soybean results in a ridgelike apical meristem”
Claim · model-written summary
The f mutation nearly completely inhibits leaf axillary buds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- fe1
- Outcome
- leaf axillary budse0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causes virtually complete inhibition of leaf axillary buds”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The f mutation restricts floral induction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- fe1
- Outcome
- floral inductione0
- Direction
- restrictione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“restriction of floral induction”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Immediately after seed imbibition, the mutant meristem was enlarged.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- meristem enlargemente0
- Direction
- enlargemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immediately after seed imbibition, the fasciation mutation was manifested by meristem enlargement”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutation hastened differentiation of the second trifoliolate leaf primordium after seed imbibition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- differentiation of the second trifoliolate leaf primordiume0
- Direction
- hastenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hastened differentiation of the second trifoliolate leaf primordium”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The early phenotype suggests f functions upstream of other developmental genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- f genee0
- Outcome
- early meristematic phenotypee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The early meristematic phenotype of the mutant indicates that the f gene functions upstream of other developmental genes.”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant leaf arrangement changed from wild-type distichous to decussate and later semiwhorled.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Decussate and later semiwhorled leaf arrangementse0
- Comparator
- wild-type distichous phyllotaxye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decussate and later semiwhorled leaf arrangements, combined with continuous meristem enlargement and shortened plastochron, replaced the wild-type distichous phyllotaxy.”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutant meristem enlarged continuously and had a shorter plastochron.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- meristem enlargement and shortened plastochrone0
- Direction
- enlargemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous meristem enlargement and shortened plastochron”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The dome-shaped meristem persisted for 11-12 plastochrons and reached four to five times wild-type size.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- attaininge0
- Value
- four to five timese0
- Comparator
- wild-type meristeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dome-shaped meristem, the most energy-efficient configuration of the apical meristem, persisted during 11-12 plastochrons attaining a size four to five times that of the wild-type meristem.”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Meristem zonation accompanied a progression from rectangular through round, triangular, and oval to ridgelike form.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- shape alteration from rectangular to round, to triangular, to oval, and finally to a ridgelike forme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meristem zonation triggered shape alteration from rectangular to round, to triangular, to oval, and finally to a ridgelike form.”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The stable ridgelike meristem may reflect a new balance of cell division and differentiation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- stable ridgelike meristeme0
- Qualifier
- new balance between cell division and differentiatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stable ridgelike meristem presumably resulted from attaining a new balance between cell division and differentiation.”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous IAA was two- to threefold higher in meristematic tissues, hypocotyl, and leaves than in wild type.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- meristematic tissues, hypocotyl, and leavese0
- Outcome
- level of endogenous IAAe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- two- to threefolde0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The elevated level of endogenous IAA (two- to threefold increases over the wild-type) in meristematic tissues, hypocotyl, and leaves”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin overproduction by the proliferating meristem could explain elevated IAA.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Outcome
- elevated level of endogenous IAAe1
- Qualifier
- auxin overproduction by the proliferating meristeme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be a secondary consequence of auxin overproduction by the proliferating meristem”
e1“The elevated level of endogenous IAA”
e2“The recessive f mutation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The f gene product might affect cell divisions and auxin metabolism.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- f gene producte0
- Outcome
- cell divisions and the auxin metabolic pathwaye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The f gene product might affect cell divisions and the auxin metabolic pathway”
e1“The recessive f mutation in soybean”