Abstract
Growth of Zea mays L. cv Potro roots was inhibited by the herbicide metsulfuron methyl (MSM) at the lowest concentration tested: 5 nanomoles per liter. Pretreatment of corn seeds with commercial 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) at 1% (w/w) partially reversed MSM-induced root growth inhibition. MSM at a concentration of 52 nanomoles per liter was taken up rapidly by roots and accumulated in the corn tissue to concentrations three times those in the external medium; the safener NA increased MSM uptake up to 48 hours. The protective effect of NA was related to the ability of the safener to increase the metabolism of MSM; tenfold increases in the metabolic rates of MSM were observed in NA-pretreated corn seedlings grown for 48 hours on 52 nanomolar [(14)C]MSM solution. DNA synthesis determined by measurement of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was inhibited by root MSM applications; after a 6-hour application period, 13 nanomolar MSM solution reduced DNA synthesis by 64%, and the same reduction was also observed with NA-pretreated seedlings. Pretreatment of corn seeds with safener NA did not increase the acetolactate synthase activity in the roots and did not change, up to 13 micromoles per liter, the in vitro sensitivity of roots to MSM.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
MSM inhibited Zea mays root growth at the lowest tested concentration, 5 nanomoles per liter.
- Material
- cv Potroe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- herbicide metsulfuron methyl (MSM)e0
- Outcome
- Growth of Zea mays L. cv Potro rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 5 nanomoles per litere0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of Zea mays L. cv Potro roots was inhibited by the herbicide metsulfuron methyl (MSM) at the lowest concentration tested: 5 nanomoles per liter”
Claim · model-written summary
NA pretreatment partially reversed MSM-induced corn root growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Pretreatment of corn seeds with commercial 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) at 1% (w/w)e0
- Outcome
- MSM-induced root growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- partially reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of corn seeds with commercial 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) at 1% (w/w) partially reversed MSM-induced root growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn roots rapidly took up 52 nanomoles per liter MSM.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- MSM at a concentration of 52 nanomoles per litere0
- Outcome
- taken up rapidly by rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MSM at a concentration of 52 nanomoles per liter was taken up rapidly by roots and accumulated in the corn tissue to concentrations three times those in the external medium”
Claim · model-written summary
MSM accumulated in corn tissue to three times the concentration in external medium.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- tissuee0
- Treatment
- MSM at a concentration of 52 nanomoles per litere0
- Outcome
- accumulated in the corn tissuee0
- Value
- three timese0
- Comparator
- external mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MSM at a concentration of 52 nanomoles per liter was taken up rapidly by roots and accumulated in the corn tissue to concentrations three times those in the external medium”
Claim · model-written summary
NA increased MSM uptake for up to 48 hours.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- safener NAe0
- Outcome
- MSM uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to 48 hourse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the safener NA increased MSM uptake up to 48 hours”
e1“corn tissue to concentrations three times those in the external medium”
Claim · model-written summary
NA pretreatment increased MSM metabolic rates tenfold in corn seedlings grown for 48 hours on 52 nanomolar MSM.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- NA-pretreatede0
- Outcome
- metabolic rates of MSMe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- tenfolde0
- Qualifier
- grown for 48 hours on 52 nanomolar [(14)C]MSM solutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tenfold increases in the metabolic rates of MSM were observed in NA-pretreated corn seedlings grown for 48 hours on 52 nanomolar [(14)C]MSM solution”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors related the protective effect of NA to increased MSM metabolism.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- protective effect of NAe0
- Qualifier
- increase the metabolism of MSMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protective effect of NA was related to the ability of the safener to increase the metabolism of MSM”
e1“corn seedlings grown for 48 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
MSM application inhibited corn root DNA synthesis.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- root MSM applicationse0
- Outcome
- DNA synthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DNA synthesis determined by measurement of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was inhibited by root MSM applications”
e1“Pretreatment of corn seeds with commercial 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 6-hour application of 13 nanomolar MSM reduced corn root DNA synthesis by 64%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 13 nanomolar MSM solutione0
- Outcome
- DNA synthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 64%e0
- Qualifier
- 6-hour application periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after a 6-hour application period, 13 nanomolar MSM solution reduced DNA synthesis by 64%”
e1“Pretreatment of corn seeds with commercial 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same 64% DNA synthesis reduction occurred in NA-pretreated corn seedlings.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- NA-pretreatede0
- Outcome
- DNA synthesise1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 64%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same reduction was also observed with NA-pretreated seedlings”
e1“13 nanomolar MSM solution reduced DNA synthesis by 64%”
e2“Pretreatment of corn seeds with commercial 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA)”
Claim · model-written summary
NA pretreatment did not increase corn root acetolactate synthase activity.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Pretreatment of corn seeds with safener NAe0
- Gene
- acetolactate synthasee0
- Outcome
- acetolactate synthase activity in the rootse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of corn seeds with safener NA did not increase the acetolactate synthase activity in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NA pretreatment did not change in vitro corn root sensitivity to MSM up to 13 micromoles per liter.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Pretreatment of corn seeds with safener NAe0
- Outcome
- in vitro sensitivity of roots to MSMe0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- up to 13 micromoles per litere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of corn seeds with safener NA did not increase the acetolactate synthase activity in the roots and did not change, up to 13 micromoles per liter, the in vitro sensitivity of roots to MSM”
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