Abstract
We studied the effect of low above-zero temperature (2°C) on the content of low-molecular antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, and carotenoids) and also activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, APO; catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GR; and superoxide dismutase, SOD) in green barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Under stress conditions, the content of low-molecular antioxidants, especially that of reduced ascorbate form, increased. Low-temperature stress activated APO, CAT, GR, and SOD. First enzymes responding to the action of stress factor were APO and CAT, i.e., enzymes neutralizing hydrogen peroxide in plant cells, which indicated H 2 O 2 active generation at low temperature. Cytoplasmic SOD was more active than its chloroplast isoforms. This indicates that oxidative process initiation under low-temperature stress occurred more active in the cytosol. After termination of stress-factor action, the content of total ascorbate, glutathione, and carotenoids reduced rapidly to the level close to the initial one. During post-stress period, the amount of reduced ascorbate declined as well; however, it remained at the level higher than the initial one. Activities of APO and CAT dropped sharply; activities of GR and SOD reduced gradually. Thus, reduced ascorbate, APO, and CAT play an important role in plant cell defense against above-zero temperatures close to zero; reduced ascorbate, GR, and SOD are especially important during post-stress period.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased low-molecular antioxidants, especially reduced ascorbate.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- low above-zero temperaturee1
- Outcome
- content of low-molecular antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, the content of low-molecular antioxidants, especially that of reduced ascorbate form, increased.”
t0“green barley leaves”
e1“low above-zero temperature (2°C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature stress activated APO, CAT, GR, and SOD.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Low-temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- APO, CAT, GR, and SODe0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low-temperature stress activated APO, CAT, GR, and SOD.”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
APO and CAT responded first to low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- APO and CATe0
- Outcome
- First enzymes respondinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“First enzymes responding to the action of stress factor were APO and CAT”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytoplasmic SOD was more active than chloroplast isoforms.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Cytoplasmic SODe0
- Direction
- more activee0
- Comparator
- chloroplast isoformse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cytoplasmic SOD was more active than its chloroplast isoforms.”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Total ascorbate, glutathione and carotenoids rapidly approached initial levels after stress ended.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- content of total ascorbate, glutathione, and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- reduced rapidlye0
- Comparator
- initial onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After termination of stress-factor action, the content of total ascorbate, glutathione, and carotenoids reduced rapidly to the level close to the initial one.”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced ascorbate declined after stress but remained above its initial level.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- amount of reduced ascorbatee0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- higher than the initial onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During post-stress period, the amount of reduced ascorbate declined as well; however, it remained at the level higher than the initial one.”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
APO and CAT activities dropped sharply after stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Activities of APO and CATe0
- Direction
- dropped sharplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of APO and CAT dropped sharply”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
GR and SOD activities declined gradually after stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- activities of GR and SODe0
- Direction
- reduced graduallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of GR and SOD reduced gradually.”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors assign reduced ascorbate, APO and CAT a defensive role during near-zero temperature stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- plant cell defensee0
- Qualifier
- above-zero temperatures close to zeroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced ascorbate, APO, and CAT play an important role in plant cell defense against above-zero temperatures close to zero”
t0“green barley leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors assign reduced ascorbate, GR and SOD particular importance after stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- especially importante0
- Qualifier
- post-stress periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced ascorbate, GR, and SOD are especially important during post-stress period”
t0“green barley leaves”
The same questions in other papers
cold · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.