Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Changes in root-zone Ca(2+) concentration affect a plant's performance under high salinity, an issue poorly investigated for Mediterranean xerophytes, which may suffer from transient root-zone salinity stress in calcareous soils. It was hypothesized that high-Ca(2+) supply may affect differentially the response to salinity stress of species differing in their strategy of Na(+) allocation at organ level. Phillyrea latifolia and Pistacia lentiscus, which have been reported to greatly differ for Na(+) uptake and transport rates to the leaves, were studied. Methods In plants exposed to 0 mM or 200 mM NaCl and supplied with 2.0 mM or 8.0 mM Ca(2+), under 100 % solar irradiance, measurements were conducted of (a) gas exchange, PSII photochemistry and plant growth; (b) water and ionic relations; (c) the activity of superoxide dismutase and the lipid peroxidation; and (d) the concentration of individual polyphenols. Gas exchange and plant growth were also estimated during a period of relief from salinity stress. Key Results The performance of Pistacia lentiscus decreased to a significantly smaller degree than that of Phillyrea latifolia because of high salinity. Ameliorative effects of high-Ca(2+) supply were more evident in Phillyrea latifolia than in Pistacia lentiscus. High-Ca(2+) reduced steeply the Na(+) transport to the leaves in salt-treated Phillyrea latifolia, and allowed a faster recovery of gas exchange and growth rates as compared with low-Ca(2+) plants, during the period of relief from salinity. Salt-induced biochemical adjustments, mostly devoted to counter salt-induced oxidative damage, were greater in Phillyrea latifolia than in Pistacia lentiscus. CONCLUSIONS: An increased Ca(2+) : Na(+) ratio may be of greater benefit for Phillyrea latifolia than for Pistacia lentiscus, as in the former, adaptive mechanisms to high root-zone salinity are primarily devoted to restrict the accumulation of potentially toxic ions in sensitive shoot organs.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity decreased performance of Pistacia lentiscus significantly less than Phillyrea latifolia.
- Taxon
- Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscuse0 - Treatment
- high salinitye0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- Phillyrea latifoliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performance of Pistacia lentiscus decreased to a significantly smaller degree than that of Phillyrea latifolia because of high salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium supply ameliorated salinity effects more in Phillyrea latifolia than Pistacia lentiscus.
- Taxon
- Phillyrea latifolia
_Phillyrea_latifolia_flowers_and_leaves.jpg?width=60)
Phillyrea latifoliae0 - Treatment
- high-Ca(2+) supplye0
- Outcome
- Ameliorative effectse0
- Direction
- more evidente0
- Comparator
- Pistacia lentiscuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Phillyrea_latifolia_flowers_and_leaves.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Ameliorative effects of high-Ca(2+) supply were more evident in Phillyrea latifolia than in Pistacia lentiscus.”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium sharply reduced sodium transport to leaves of salt-treated Phillyrea latifolia.
- Taxon
- Phillyrea latifoliaPhillyrea latifoliae0
- Treatment
- High-Ca(2+)e0
- Outcome
- Na(+) transport to the leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- salt-treatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High-Ca(2+) reduced steeply the Na(+) transport to the leaves in salt-treated Phillyrea latifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium enabled faster gas exchange recovery during salinity relief than low calcium in Phillyrea latifolia.
- Taxon
- Phillyrea latifoliaPhillyrea latifoliat0
- Treatment
- High-Ca(2+)t0
- Outcome
- gas exchangee0
- Direction
- faster recoverye0
- Qualifier
- during the period of relief from salinitye0
- Comparator
- low-Ca(2+) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allowed a faster recovery of gas exchange and growth rates as compared with low-Ca(2+) plants, during the period of relief from salinity.”
t0“High-Ca(2+) reduced steeply the Na(+) transport to the leaves in salt-treated Phillyrea latifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium enabled faster growth rate recovery during salinity relief than low calcium in Phillyrea latifolia.
- Taxon
- Phillyrea latifoliaPhillyrea latifoliat0
- Treatment
- High-Ca(2+)t0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- faster recoverye0
- Comparator
- low-Ca(2+) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allowed a faster recovery of gas exchange and growth rates as compared with low-Ca(2+) plants, during the period of relief from salinity.”
t0“High-Ca(2+) reduced steeply the Na(+) transport to the leaves in salt-treated Phillyrea latifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-induced biochemical adjustments were greater in Phillyrea latifolia than Pistacia lentiscus.
- Taxon
- Phillyrea latifoliaPhillyrea latifoliae0
- Outcome
- Salt-induced biochemical adjustmentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Pistacia lentiscuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt-induced biochemical adjustments, mostly devoted to counter salt-induced oxidative damage, were greater in Phillyrea latifolia than in Pistacia lentiscus.”
Claim · model-written summary
An increased calcium to sodium ratio may benefit Phillyrea latifolia more than Pistacia lentiscus.
- Taxon
- Phillyrea latifoliaPhillyrea latifoliae0
- Compound
- Ca(2+) : Na(+)e0
- Outcome
- greater benefite0
- Comparator
- Pistacia lentiscuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased Ca(2+) : Na(+) ratio may be of greater benefit for Phillyrea latifolia than for Pistacia lentiscus”